Mechanisms of self-regulation of internal distraction

内部干扰的自我调节机制

• 批准号: 8334416
• 负责人: ADAM H GAZZALEY
• 金额: $ 20.86万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-30 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8334416
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Age; Area; Attention; Auditory; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Characteristics; Cognitive; Data; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Event; Experimental Designs; Failure; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Image; Individual; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Meditation; Mental disorders; Mind; Monitor; Motor Cortex; Nature; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurosciences; Noise; Participant; Performance; Personality; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Pre-Post Tests; Psychological Transfer; Regulation; Research Project Grants; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Smell Perception; Staging; Surveys; Therapeutic Intervention; Thinking; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Visual; Work; age group; base; behavior test; cognitive training; design; distraction; effective intervention; executive function; improved; memory encoding; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; theories; young adult

Project Summary A major obstacle to high-level performance on a wide variety of goal-directed activities is interference by distractions. This interference can arise from the external environment, in the form of distracting sounds, images and smells, as well as from the internal milieu, as unwanted, intrusive thoughts. In concordance with recent theories on mind-wandering, we propose that all individuals have a tendency to automatically succumb to internal thoughts that are irrelevant to their ongoing goals, and that this is influenced by cognitive and emotional states and their surrounding environment. The degree to which they are capable of self-regulation of these internal distractions mediates the impact of this interference on goal-directed behavior. The objectives of the proposed research project are to evaluate the factors that impact self-regulation of internal distraction and the neural correlates that account for differences in self-regulation abilities across individuals and age groups, as well as the ability to learn to better self-regulate distraction. Specifically, we will explore how regulation of mind-wandering is influenced by task orientation (internal vs. external), and whether the presence of external distraction influences the regulation of internal distraction. We will evaluate if there are differences in executive function and neural networks that explain differences in these self-regulation abilities. Lastly, we assess the neural mechanisms by which self-regulation of internal distraction can be modified via practice. To accomplish these goals, we designed novel cognitive paradigms to evaluate the self-regulation of internal distraction, and the influence of the described factors, in both healthy younger and older adults. Next, using functional MRI, we will study the neural correlates of internal distraction regulation, as well as a failure to adequately suppress distractions. Finally, we utilize a novel distraction-training program, inspired by meditation practices and plasticity-based cognitive training, to study the neural basis of learning to self-regulate internal distraction. In addition, an extensive battery of cognitive tasks and real-life activity measures will be administered to evaluate correlates of these neural and experimentally-assessed distraction measures. We anticipate that the unique methodological approach and experimental design will significantly advance the limited work in this important area of self-regulation.

项目摘要 高级表现在各种目标指导活动上的主要障碍是干涉 分心。这种干扰可能是从外部环境中以分散注意力的形式引起的， 图像和气味以及内部环境中，不必要，侵入性的想法。一致 最近关于思维的理论，我们建议所有人都有自动屈服的趋势 与他们持续的目标无关的内部思想，这受认知和 情绪状态及其周围环境。他们能够自我调节的程度 这些内部干扰介导了这种干扰对目标指导行为的影响。目标的目标 拟议的研究项目旨在评估影响内部干扰自我调节和 神经相关性，说明个人和年龄段的自我调节能力差异， 以及学会更好地自我调节分心的能力。具体而言，我们将探讨如何调节 思维范围的范围受到任务取向（内部与外部）的影响，以及外部的存在是否存在 分心会影响内部分心的调节。我们将评估执行人员是否存在差异 解释这些自我调节能力差异的功能和神经网络。最后，我们评估 可以通过实践来修改内部分心的自我调节的神经机制。完成 这些目标，我们设计了新颖的认知范例，以评估内部分心的自我调节，并 在健康的年轻和老年人中，所描述的因素的影响。接下来，使用功能性MRI，我们 将研究内部干扰调节的神经相关性，以及无法充分抑制的神经相关性 分心。最后，我们采用了一个新颖的干扰训练计划，灵感来自冥想练习和 基于可塑性的认知训练，以研究学习自我调节内部注意力的神经基础。在 此外，将采用大量的认知任务和现实生活中的活动措施来评估 这些神经和实验评估的分心措施的相关性。我们预计这是独特的 方法论方法和实验设计将显着提高这一重要的有限工作 自我调节区域。