Mechanisms of self-regulation of internal distraction

内部干扰的自我调节机制

• 批准号: 8334416
• 负责人: ADAM H GAZZALEY
• 金额: $ 20.86万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-30 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8334416
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Age; Area; Attention; Auditory; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Characteristics; Cognitive; Data; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Event; Experimental Designs; Failure; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Image; Individual; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Meditation; Mental disorders; Mind; Monitor; Motor Cortex; Nature; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurosciences; Noise; Participant; Performance; Personality; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Pre-Post Tests; Psychological Transfer; Regulation; Research Project Grants; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Smell Perception; Staging; Surveys; Therapeutic Intervention; Thinking; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Visual; Work; age group; base; behavior test; cognitive training; design; distraction; effective intervention; executive function; improved; memory encoding; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; theories; young adult

Project Summary A major obstacle to high-level performance on a wide variety of goal-directed activities is interference by distractions. This interference can arise from the external environment, in the form of distracting sounds, images and smells, as well as from the internal milieu, as unwanted, intrusive thoughts. In concordance with recent theories on mind-wandering, we propose that all individuals have a tendency to automatically succumb to internal thoughts that are irrelevant to their ongoing goals, and that this is influenced by cognitive and emotional states and their surrounding environment. The degree to which they are capable of self-regulation of these internal distractions mediates the impact of this interference on goal-directed behavior. The objectives of the proposed research project are to evaluate the factors that impact self-regulation of internal distraction and the neural correlates that account for differences in self-regulation abilities across individuals and age groups, as well as the ability to learn to better self-regulate distraction. Specifically, we will explore how regulation of mind-wandering is influenced by task orientation (internal vs. external), and whether the presence of external distraction influences the regulation of internal distraction. We will evaluate if there are differences in executive function and neural networks that explain differences in these self-regulation abilities. Lastly, we assess the neural mechanisms by which self-regulation of internal distraction can be modified via practice. To accomplish these goals, we designed novel cognitive paradigms to evaluate the self-regulation of internal distraction, and the influence of the described factors, in both healthy younger and older adults. Next, using functional MRI, we will study the neural correlates of internal distraction regulation, as well as a failure to adequately suppress distractions. Finally, we utilize a novel distraction-training program, inspired by meditation practices and plasticity-based cognitive training, to study the neural basis of learning to self-regulate internal distraction. In addition, an extensive battery of cognitive tasks and real-life activity measures will be administered to evaluate correlates of these neural and experimentally-assessed distraction measures. We anticipate that the unique methodological approach and experimental design will significantly advance the limited work in this important area of self-regulation.

项目摘要 在各种目标导向的活动中，高水平表现的一个主要障碍是 分心这种干扰可能来自外部环境，以分散注意力的声音的形式出现， 图像和气味，以及来自内部环境，作为不想要的，侵入性的想法。根据 根据最近关于走神的理论，我们提出，所有的个体都有一种自动屈服的倾向。 与他们正在进行的目标无关的内部想法，这是受认知和 情绪状态及其周围环境。他们能够自我调节的程度 这些内部干扰介导了这种干扰对目标导向行为的影响。的目标 建议的研究项目是评估影响内部分心的自我调节的因素， 神经相关性解释了个体和年龄组之间自我调节能力的差异， 以及学习更好地自我调节分心的能力。具体而言，我们将探讨如何监管 走神受任务定向（内部与外部）的影响，以及外部定向的存在是否 分心影响内部分心的调节。我们将评估是否存在执行差异 功能和神经网络来解释这些自我调节能力的差异。最后，我们评估 通过练习可以改变内部分心的自我调节的神经机制。完成 这些目标，我们设计了新的认知范式来评估内部分心的自我调节， 在健康的年轻人和老年人中，上述因素的影响。接下来，使用功能性MRI，我们 将研究内部分心调节的神经相关性，以及未能充分抑制 分心最后，我们利用一个新颖的分心训练计划，灵感来自冥想练习， 可塑性为主的认知训练，研究学习自我调节内在分心的神经基础。在 此外，还将进行一系列广泛的认知任务和实际活动测量，以评估 这些神经和实验评估的分心措施的相关性。我们预计， 方法论的方法和实验设计将大大推进这一重要领域的有限工作， 自我监管领域。