Neural Mechanisms of Learning to Resolve Interference in Younger and Older Adults

学习解决年轻人和老年人干扰的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
8723032
负责人：
ADAM H GAZZALEY
金额：
$ 23.63万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-09-01 至 2017-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8723032
关键词：
Address Adult Age Aging Area Arts Basic Science Biological Neural Networks Brain Brain region Chronic Clinical Cognitive Cognitive aging Cognitive deficits Collaborations Computer software Computers Control Groups Data Analyses Development Educational Intervention Elderly Electroencephalography Engineering Exhibits Experimental Designs Feedback Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Home environment Hour Impaired cognition Individual Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Learning Life Longitudinal Studies Measures Mental disorders Motor Nature Neurologic Neuropsychological Tests Neurosciences Participant Performance Plastics Population Predisposition Process Psychological Transfer Public Health Randomized Recovery Recruitment Activity Regimen Rehabilitation therapy Research Research Project Grants Resolution Role Series Testing Therapeutic Intervention Time Training Translating Video Games Visit Work age group age related base cognitive neuroscience cognitive training cost design distraction follow-up improved information processing innovation multitask nervous system disorder neuromechanism normal aging novel operation programs relating to nervous system repaired research study skills young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A major obstacle to high-level performance on a wide variety of activities is interference by external factors, in the form of distraction and multitaskng. The negative impact of external interference on performance has been shown to worsen with age, and is a prominent factor in cognitive aging. Remarkably, it has been shown that adults of all ages can learn to resolve external interference with practice, largely eliminating performance costs. The basic science goals of the proposed research project are to explore the neural basis of external interference, how we learn to resolve interference with practice and how these mechanisms change with age. From a translational perspective, parallel goals are to assess the transfer of learning to benefit other cognitive abilities and the sustainability of learned skills ver time. To accomplish these goals, younger and older adults will engage in cognitive training regimens, which were specifically developed to train distraction and multitasking abilities. Neural mechanisms of interference effects and learning will be assessed before and after training using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) recordings while participants engage in an experimental version of the training tasks. Temporal and spatial measures of cortical function, with an emphasis on network connectivity, will be evaluated. Direct comparisons between age groups will offer a basis to understand alterations in these mechanisms that occur with normal aging. An extensive battery of cognitive tasks and real-life activity measures will also be administered pre- and post-training to evaluate if learning to resolve interference improves other abilities. Participants will be re-tested six months after training on the experimental tasks to assess sustainability of learning. In addition to advancing the limited work in this important area, we anticipate that the unique methodological approach and experimental design of this project will have a major impact on the field. This knowledge will be used to guide the targeted development of rehabilitation programs directed at the broad range of cognitive abilities and clinical populations that are susceptible to negative effects of interference.

描述（由申请人提供）：在各种活动中，高级表现的主要障碍是外部因素的干扰，以干扰和多任务的形式进行。外部干扰对绩效的负面影响已显示出随着年龄的增长而恶化，并且是认知衰老的重要因素。值得注意的是，已经表明，所有年龄段的成年人都可以学会解决外部干扰，从而在很大程度上消除了绩效成本。拟议的研究项目的基础科学目标是探索外部干扰的神经基础，我们如何学会解决对实践的干扰以及这些机制如何随着年龄的变化而变化。从转化的角度来看，平行的目标是评估学习的转移，以使其他认知能力和学习技能的可持续性有益于时间。为了实现这些目标，年轻人和老年人将参与认知培训方案，这些方案是专门为训练分心和多任务处理能力而开发的。神经使用同时脑电图（EEG）和功能性MRI（fMRI）录音之前和之后，将评估干扰效应和学习的机制，同时参与者从事培训任务的实验版本。将评估皮质功能的时间和空间度量，重点是网络连接。年龄组之间的直接比较将提供一个基础，以了解正常衰老随着正常衰老而发生的这些机制的改变。还将管理大量的认知任务和现实生活中的活动措施，以评估学习解决干扰是否可以提高其他能力。在培训实验任务以评估学习可持续性的培训后六个月，参与者将进行重新测试。除了推进这一重要领域的有限工作外，我们还预计该项目的独特方法论方法和实验设计将对该领域产生重大影响。这些知识将用于指导针对广泛的认知能力和临床人群的康复计划的有针对性发展，这些康复能力和临床人群易受干扰的负面影响。