Neural Mechanisms of Learning to Resolve Interference in Younger and Older Adults

学习解决年轻人和老年人干扰的神经机制

• 批准号: 8529432
• 负责人: ADAM H GAZZALEY
• 金额: $ 22.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8529432
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Aging; Area; Arts; Basic Science; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Brain region; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Computer software; Computers; Control Groups; Data Analyses; Development; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Engineering; Exhibits; Experimental Designs; Feedback; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Home environment; Hour; Impaired cognition; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental disorders; Motor; Nature; Neurologic; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Participant; Performance; Plastics; Population; Predisposition; Process; Psychological Transfer; Public Health; Randomized; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Regimen; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Project Grants; Resolution; Role; Series; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Training; Translating; Video Games; Visit; Work; age group; age related; base; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive training; cost; design; distraction; follow-up; improved; information processing; innovation; multitask; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; normal aging; novel; operation; programs; relating to nervous system; repaired; research study; skills; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A major obstacle to high-level performance on a wide variety of activities is interference by external factors, in the form of distraction and multitaskng. The negative impact of external interference on performance has been shown to worsen with age, and is a prominent factor in cognitive aging. Remarkably, it has been shown that adults of all ages can learn to resolve external interference with practice, largely eliminating performance costs. The basic science goals of the proposed research project are to explore the neural basis of external interference, how we learn to resolve interference with practice and how these mechanisms change with age. From a translational perspective, parallel goals are to assess the transfer of learning to benefit other cognitive abilities and the sustainability of learned skills ver time. To accomplish these goals, younger and older adults will engage in cognitive training regimens, which were specifically developed to train distraction and multitasking abilities. Neural mechanisms of interference effects and learning will be assessed before and after training using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) recordings while participants engage in an experimental version of the training tasks. Temporal and spatial measures of cortical function, with an emphasis on network connectivity, will be evaluated. Direct comparisons between age groups will offer a basis to understand alterations in these mechanisms that occur with normal aging. An extensive battery of cognitive tasks and real-life activity measures will also be administered pre- and post-training to evaluate if learning to resolve interference improves other abilities. Participants will be re-tested six months after training on the experimental tasks to assess sustainability of learning. In addition to advancing the limited work in this important area, we anticipate that the unique methodological approach and experimental design of this project will have a major impact on the field. This knowledge will be used to guide the targeted development of rehabilitation programs directed at the broad range of cognitive abilities and clinical populations that are susceptible to negative effects of interference.

描述（由申请人提供）：在各种各样的活动中，高水平表现的主要障碍是外部因素的干扰，以分心和多任务处理的形式。外界干扰对表现的负面影响已被证明随着年龄的增长而恶化，并且是认知衰老的一个突出因素。值得注意的是，研究表明，所有年龄段的成年人都可以通过练习来解决外部干扰，这在很大程度上消除了表现成本。该研究项目的基本科学目标是探索外部干扰的神经基础，我们如何学会通过练习来解决干扰，以及这些机制如何随着年龄的增长而变化。从翻译的角度来看，平行目标是评估学习迁移是否有利于其他认知能力和所学技能随时间的可持续性。为了实现这些目标，年轻人和老年人将参与认知训练方案，这是专门为训练分心和多任务处理能力而开发的。神经