Mechanisms of Value-Driven Attentional Capture

价值驱动的注意力捕获机制

• 批准号: 8466712
• 负责人: Brian August Anderson
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8466712
• 关键词: Arousal; Association Learning; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Automobile Driving; Award; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Research; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Disease; Drug Addiction; Environment; Exhibits; Extinction (Psychology); Eye; Eye Movements; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Investigation; Learning; Measures; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mydriasis; Obesity; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Opiate Addiction; Opioid; Organism; Participant; Patients; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Predisposition; Process; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Rewards; Role; Running; Safety; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Syndrome; Testing; Time; Training; Ursidae Family; Ventral Striatum; Visual; Work; attentional modulation; career; cognitive neuroscience; directed attention; distraction; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; interest; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; oculomotor; psychologic; skills; thought control; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Attention selects which aspects of sensory input are brought to awareness. Because attention is a limited resource, which stimuli are attended has important implications for effective goal- directed behavior, survival, and well-being. Attentional selection can proceed in voluntary fashion, according to context-specific goals. At the same time, however, certain kinds of stimuli receive attentional processing involuntarily, overriding goal-directed attention allocation. Such stimuli are said to capture attention. It is well establised that physically salient stimuli capture attention, and that ongoing priorities influence attentiona selection involuntarily through contingent attentional capture. Recently, my colleagues and I have shown that valuable stimuli, previously associated with the delivery of reward, also capture attention involuntarily, independently of salience and ongoing priorities. We have referred to this phenomenon as value-driven attentional capture, and the proposed project will investigate the mechanisms by which learned value influences attentional priority in this way. Aim 1 will probe the mechanisms of selection in value-driven capture using human eye tracking. Through Aim 2, the neural mechanisms of value-driven capture will be assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Aim 3 will investigate the role of value-driven capture in drug addiction. The results will provide a better understanding of the ways in which reward learning influences attentional priority, which represents one of the most critical roles that attention plas in promoting survival. Although attention to reward-predicting stimuli will often be adaptive, it can also become maladaptive when attention to rewarding stimuli conflicts with ongoing goals. In this way, the proposed project will also have important implications for clinical syndromes in which both attention and reward have been critically implicated, including drug addiction, obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; these implications will be explored directly in Aim 3. Finally, the proposed project will provide outstanding cutting-edge training in cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging methodology, and related technical skills, and will continue to develop my strong background in behavioral psychophysics. This award will provide support to complete my dissertation research and prepare me for the next step in my scientific career.

描述（由申请人提供）：注意力选择感官输入的哪些方面被带到意识中。由于注意力是一种有限的资源，因此注意哪些刺激对有效的目标导向行为、生存和幸福有重要影响。注意力 可以根据具体情况的目标，以自愿方式进行选择。然而，与此同时，某些类型的刺激会不自觉地接受注意处理，压倒目标导向的注意分配。据说这种刺激能吸引注意力。物理显著性刺激捕获注意力，持续的优先级通过偶然性注意捕获不自觉地影响注意力选择，这是公认的。最近，我和我的同事们发现，以前与奖励相关的有价值的刺激也会不自觉地吸引注意力，而与显著性和持续的优先级无关。我们已经提到了这一点 这种现象被视为价值驱动的注意力捕获，拟议的项目将研究习得价值以这种方式影响注意力优先级的机制。目的1将探讨价值驱动捕获中的选择机制，使用人眼跟踪。通过目标2，将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）评估价值驱动捕获的神经机制，目标3将研究价值驱动捕获在药物成瘾中的作用。研究结果将有助于更好地理解奖励学习影响注意优先的方式，注意优先是注意在促进生存方面发挥的最关键作用之一。虽然对奖励预测刺激的注意力通常是适应性的，但当对奖励刺激的注意力与正在进行的目标相冲突时，它也会变得适应不良。通过这种方式，拟议的项目也将对临床综合征产生重要影响，其中注意力和奖励都受到严重影响，包括药物成瘾，肥胖，强迫症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍;这些影响将在目标3中直接探讨。最后，拟议的项目将提供认知神经科学，神经影像学方法和相关技术技能的优秀尖端培训，并将继续发展我在行为心理物理学方面的强大背景。该奖项将为我完成论文研究提供支持，并为我的科学生涯的下一步做好准备。