Components of selection history and the control of attention

选择历史的组成部分和注意力的控制

• 批准号: 10065501
• 负责人: Brian August Anderson
• 金额: $ 34.33万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10065501
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Area; Attention; Behavior; Brain; Clinic; Clinical; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Data; Development; Dissociation; Drug Addiction; Familiarity; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Individual; Insula of Reil; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Link; Maps; Measures; Modification; Nature; Negative Reinforcements; Outcome; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Positive Reinforcements; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Punishment; Recording of previous events; Relapse; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Substance Use Disorder; System; Testing; Visual; addiction; attentional bias; attentional control; aversive conditioning; base; behavior influence; craving; drug quality; effective intervention; effective therapy; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; improved; improved outcome; insight; interest; intraparietal sulcus; learning outcome; neural correlate; neuromechanism; phenomenological models; prevent; recruit; relating to nervous system; sensory input

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention selects which aspects of sensory input receive cognitive processing and thereby influence behavior. Drug addiction alters the attentional system, resulting in prominent attentional biases towards drug cues. Such drug-related attentional biases are related to the broader phenomenology of addiction, including craving and relapse. There has been long-standing interest in implementing attentional bias measures in clinical settings, either as a predictive measure to inform treatment decisions or as a target of treatment. However, a major barrier to the realization of this goal is that current means of assessing these biases are not sufficiently precise to support clinical utility, which has stifled progress in this area. Mirroring this complexity, and underscoring the need for clarity, debate has arisen concerning the role of learning history in the guidance of attention more broadly. Persistent attentional biases have been linked to reward history, learning from aversive outcomes, and outcome-independent selection history (e.g., familiarity). Emerging accounts of such experience-dependent attentional biases disagree about the nature of the underlying mechanism(s) involved. If we do not understand the variety of influences of learning history on attention at a fundamental level, how can we understand how these influences contribute to addiction-related attentional biases? The proposed research directly addresses this need by identifying, isolating, and measuring multiple hypothesized components of the attentional biases that characterize addiction, providing the precision necessary for more accurate predictions of patient outcomes and more targeted efforts to improve these outcomes through attentional bias modification. Specific Aim 1 will distinguish between common and distinct attentional priority signals arising from reward learning and reward-independent selection history, probing both the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying each of these sources of priority. Specific Aim 2 will identify the cognitive profile and neural mechanisms underlying attentional biases attributable to aversive conditioning, which together with Specific Aim 1 will provide a comprehensive picture of the multifaceted nature of experience-dependent attention. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to characterize multiple distinct components of experience-dependent attentional bias that contribute to attentional biases evident in drug-dependent individuals. These fundamental components of attentional bias will provide a much more precise window into the attentional processes that are relevant to our understanding of addiction than existing measures can offer. It is anticipated that the knowledge gained from the proposed research with provide a foundation for overcoming fundamental limitations in the clinical utility of attentional bias measures, allowing for fruitful exploration of this aspect of addiction in the context of improving assessment and treatment.

项目概要/摘要 注意力选择感觉输入的哪些方面接受认知处理，从而影响 行为。吸毒成瘾会改变注意力系统，导致对药物的明显注意力偏差 提示。这种与药物相关的注意力偏差与更广泛的成瘾现象有关，包括 渴望和复发。长期以来，人们一直对实施注意力偏差措施感兴趣 临床环境，作为通知治疗决策的预测措施或作为治疗目标。 然而，实现这一目标的一个主要障碍是，目前评估这些偏见的方法还不够。 足够精确以支持临床实用性，这抑制了该领域的进展。反映这种复杂性， 并强调澄清的必要性，关于学习历史在指导中的作用引起了争论。 更广泛地受到关注。持续的注意力偏差与奖励历史有关，从中学习 厌恶的结果和与结果无关的选择历史（例如熟悉度）。此类新兴账户 依赖于经验的注意力偏差对于所涉及的潜在机制的性质存在分歧。如果 我们不从根本上了解学习历史对注意力的各种影响，怎么可能 我们了解这些影响如何导致与成瘾相关的注意力偏差？拟议的研究 通过识别、隔离和测量多个假设的组成部分来直接满足这一需求 成瘾特征的注意力偏差，提供更准确预测所需的精度 患者的结果以及通过注意力偏差修正来改善这些结果的更有针对性的努力。 具体目标 1 将区分由奖励产生的常见和不同的注意力优先信号 学习和与奖励无关的选择历史，探索认知和神经机制 这些优先权来源的基础。具体目标 2 将确定认知概况和神经 厌恶性条件反射引起的注意偏差的潜在机制，与特定的条件作用一起 目标 1 将全面描述依赖经验的注意力的多方面性质。这 拟议研究的总体目标是描述经验依赖性注意力偏差的多个不同组成部分，这些成分导致药物依赖个体中明显的注意力偏差。这些 注意偏差的基本组成部分将为观察注意力提供一个更精确的窗口 与我们对成瘾的理解相关的过程比现有措施所能提供的要多。预计 从拟议研究中获得的知识为克服基本问题奠定了基础 注意偏差测量的临床效用的局限性，允许对这方面进行富有成效的探索 在改善评估和治疗的背景下成瘾。