The Control of Attention and Learning from Physical Effort

注意力的控制和从体力活动中学习

• 批准号: 10550081
• 负责人: Brian August Anderson
• 金额: $ 6.75万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10550081
• 关键词: Address; Area; Attention; Behavior; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Drug Addiction; Energy Metabolism; Exertion; Expectancy; Expenditure; Familiarity; Fatigue; Foundations; Goals; Health; Individual; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Link; Measures; Modification; Nature; Outcome; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical Efforts; Process; Punishment; Reaction Time; Recording of previous events; Relapse; Research; Research Support; Rewards; Role; Saccades; Services; Shock; Signal Transduction; Solid; Stimulant; Stimulus; Stress; Substance of Abuse; System; Training; Work; addiction; attentional bias; attentional control; behavior influence; classical conditioning; craving; effective therapy; expectation; experience; improved; improved outcome; insight; interest; novel; parent grant; phenomenological models; prevent; sensory input; visual stimulus

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention selects which aspects of sensory input receive cognitive processing and thereby influence behavior. Drug addiction alters the attentional system, resulting in prominent attentional biases towards drug cues. Such drug-related attentional biases are related to the broader phenomenology of addiction, including craving and relapse. There has been long-standing interest in implementing attentional bias measures in clinical settings, either as a predictive measure to inform treatment decisions or as a target of treatment. However, a major barrier to the realization of this goal is that current means of assessing these biases are not sufficiently precise to support clinical utility, which has stifled progress in this area. Mirroring this complexity, and underscoring the need for clarity, debate has arisen concerning the role of learning history in the guidance of attention more broadly. Persistent attentional biases have been linked to reward history, learning from aversive outcomes, and outcome-independent selection history (e.g., familiarity). Emerging accounts of such experience-dependent attentional biases disagree about the nature of the underlying mechanism(s) involved. Without a solid understanding of the variety of influences of learning history on attention at a fundamental level, it will be difficult to understand how these influences contribute to addiction-related attentional biases. The research supported by the parent grant seeks to directly address this need by identifying, isolating, and measuring multiple hypothesized components of the attentional biases that characterize addiction, providing the precision necessary for more accurate predictions of patient outcomes and more targeted efforts to improve these outcomes through attentional bias modification. The proposed research supplement to support diversity in health-related research will expand upon the research proposed as a part of the parent grant, probing the mechanisms by which the exertion of physical effort modulates the control of attention and how different mechanisms of attentional learning are modulated by expectancies concerning effort expenditure, which together with the parent grant will provide a comprehensive picture of the multifaceted nature of experience-dependent attention. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to characterize multiple distinct components of experience-dependent attentional bias that contribute to attentional biases evident in drug-dependent individuals. These fundamental components of attentional bias will provide a much more precise window into the attentional processes that are relevant to the understanding of addiction than existing measures can offer. It is anticipated that the knowledge gained from the proposed research will provide a foundation for overcoming fundamental limitations in the clinical utility of attentional bias measures, allowing for fruitful exploration of this aspect of addiction in the context of improving assessment and treatment.

项目总结/摘要 注意力选择感觉输入的哪些方面接受认知处理，从而影响 行为药物成瘾改变了注意系统，导致对药物的显著注意偏向 线索这种与药物相关的注意力偏差与更广泛的成瘾现象有关，包括 渴望和复发。长期以来，人们一直对实施注意力偏差测量感兴趣， 临床环境，作为告知治疗决策的预测措施或作为治疗目标。 然而，实现这一目标的一个主要障碍是，目前评估这些偏见的手段并不 足够精确以支持临床实用性，这阻碍了该领域的进展。模仿这种复杂性， 并强调需要明确的是，关于学习历史在指导中的作用， 更广泛的关注。持续的注意力偏差与奖励历史有关， 令人厌恶的结果，以及与结果无关的选择历史（例如，熟悉）。新出现的关于 依赖经验的注意力偏差不同意所涉及的潜在机制的性质。 如果没有对学习历史对注意力的各种影响有一个基本的了解， 很难理解这些影响如何导致与成瘾有关的注意力偏差。的 由父母资助的研究旨在通过识别、分离和 测量表征成瘾的注意力偏差的多个假设成分， 更准确地预测患者结局所需的精度，以及更有针对性的努力， 通过注意力偏差修正来改善这些结果。建议的研究补充， 与健康有关的研究的多样性将扩大作为父母赠款一部分的拟议研究， 探索身体努力的发挥调节注意力控制的机制，以及如何 注意力学习的不同机制受到关于努力消耗的期望的调节， 这与父母补助金一起将提供一个全面的画面， 依赖经验的注意力拟议研究的总体目标是描述多个 经验依赖性注意力偏差的不同组成部分，有助于注意力偏差明显， 药物依赖者。注意力偏差的这些基本组成部分将提供一个更多的 精确的窗口进入注意力的过程是相关的理解成瘾比现有的 措施可以提供。预计从拟议的研究中获得的知识将提供 克服注意力偏差测量的临床实用性的基本限制的基础，允许 在改进评估和治疗的背景下，对成瘾的这一方面进行了富有成效的探索。