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Components of selection history and the control of attention

选择历史的组成部分和注意力的控制

基本信息

批准号：
10318941
负责人：
Brian August Anderson
金额：
$ 34.28万
依托单位：
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-02-01 至 2023-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10318941
关键词：
Address Adopted Amygdaloid structure Anterior Area Attention Behavior Brain Clinic Clinical Cognitive Conflict (Psychology)Cues Data Development Dissociation Drug Addiction Familiarity Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Individual Insula of Reil Knowledge Lead Learning Link Maps Measures Modification Nature Negative Reinforcements Outcome Patient-Focused Outcomes Patients Pattern Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Positive Reinforcements Process Psychological reinforcement Punishment Recording of previous events Relapse Research Research Personnel Rewards Role Shapes Signal Transduction Source Stimulus Substance Use Disorder System Testing Visual addiction attentional bias attentional control aversive conditioning base behavior influence craving drug quality effective intervention effective therapy experience extrastriate visual cortex improved improved outcome insight interest intraparietal sulcus learning outcome neural correlate neuromechanism phenomenological models prevent recruit relating to nervous system sensory input

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention selects which aspects of sensory input receive cognitive processing and thereby influence behavior. Drug addiction alters the attentional system, resulting in prominent attentional biases towards drug cues. Such drug-related attentional biases are related to the broader phenomenology of addiction, including craving and relapse. There has been long-standing interest in implementing attentional bias measures in clinical settings, either as a predictive measure to inform treatment decisions or as a target of treatment. However, a major barrier to the realization of this goal is that current means of assessing these biases are not sufficiently precise to support clinical utility, which has stifled progress in this area. Mirroring this complexity, and underscoring the need for clarity, debate has arisen concerning the role of learning history in the guidance of attention more broadly. Persistent attentional biases have been linked to reward history, learning from aversive outcomes, and outcome-independent selection history (e.g., familiarity). Emerging accounts of such experience-dependent attentional biases disagree about the nature of the underlying mechanism(s) involved. If we do not understand the variety of influences of learning history on attention at a fundamental level, how can we understand how these influences contribute to addiction-related attentional biases? The proposed research directly addresses this need by identifying, isolating, and measuring multiple hypothesized components of the attentional biases that characterize addiction, providing the precision necessary for more accurate predictions of patient outcomes and more targeted efforts to improve these outcomes through attentional bias modification. Specific Aim 1 will distinguish between common and distinct attentional priority signals arising from reward learning and reward-independent selection history, probing both the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying each of these sources of priority. Specific Aim 2 will identify the cognitive profile and neural mechanisms underlying attentional biases attributable to aversive conditioning, which together with Specific Aim 1 will provide a comprehensive picture of the multifaceted nature of experience-dependent attention. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to characterize multiple distinct components of experience-dependent attentional bias that contribute to attentional biases evident in drug-dependent individuals. These fundamental components of attentional bias will provide a much more precise window into the attentional processes that are relevant to our understanding of addiction than existing measures can offer. It is anticipated that the knowledge gained from the proposed research with provide a foundation for overcoming fundamental limitations in the clinical utility of attentional bias measures, allowing for fruitful exploration of this aspect of addiction in the context of improving assessment and treatment.

项目总结/文摘