Physically-Based Biodosimetry for Triage After a Large Radiation Incident

大型辐射事件后基于物理的生物剂量测定

• 批准号: 8522138
• 负责人: HAROLD M SWARTZ
• 金额: $ 321.86万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8522138
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Attenuated; Biological; Burn injury; Clip; Complement; Development; Dose; Event; Guidelines; In Vitro; Individual; Ionizing radiation; Lead; Measurement; Medical; Nail plate; Procedures; Production; Radiation; Radiation Syndromes; Radiation-Induced Change; Stress; Structure of nail of finger; System; Techniques; Time; Tooth structure; Training; Triage; base; biodosimeter; biodosimetry; dosimetry; in vivo; instrument; interest; multimodality; prototype; response; response to injury; technique development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to establish a center focused on the development of field deployable physical biodosimetry utilizing EPR measurements of teeth and nails through three synergistic projects and highly integrated cores based on prior progress. The rationale for our approach we believe is compelling though relatively simple. 1. In order to respond adequately to a radiation incident in which large numbers of individuals potentially have received doses of radiation that could lead to the acute radiation syndrome it is essential to determine the dose to individuals rapidly and accurately. 2. The current capabilities and guidelines are not adequate for doing this. 3. The dosimetry system should be based on radiation induced changes within the individual so that a "dosimeter" is always in place, i.e. biodosimetry is needed. 4. Biologically based biodosimetry, while potentially very valuable, inherently must have ambiguity because it depends on the activation of responses to injury that are not specific for ionizing radiation, must vary in time as the responses are developed and later attenuated, and are very likely to be affected by both pre-existing conditions and concurrent perturbations such as stress, wounds, and burns. 5. Physical biodosimetry does not have the potential limitations of the biologically based biodosimetry. 6. EPR dosimetry based on radiation-induced changes in teeth and nails is the most advanced physical biodosimetric technique and has been shown to be capable of resolving doses in the range of interest with immediate readout. 7. Our group has led the development of such EPR dosimetry and is poised to make it into a field deployable technique that can be implemented by non-expert operators without any prior training. We will complete the development of the techniques and construct field-deployable prototypes of instruments based on three different and complimentary approaches: measurements in vivo in teeth, measurements in vivo in nails, and measurements in vitro on clipped fingernails. We expect these applications to be part of a multimodality approach to field dosimetry, complementing biological biodosimetry. We have potential commercial partners, especially General Electric, who is prepared to use the prototypes to carry out rapid FDA-compliable production of fully deployable versions as soon as the prototypes are available from the proposed center.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议建立一个中心，重点是通过三个协同项目和基于先前进展的高度集成核心，利用牙齿和指甲的EPR测量开发现场部署的物理生物剂量学。我们认为，我们采取这种做法的理由是令人信服的，尽管相对简单。1.为了对大量个人可能受到可能导致急性辐射综合症的辐射剂量的辐射事件作出适当反应，必须迅速和准确地确定个人所受剂量。2.目前的能力和指导方针不足以做到这一点。3.剂量测定系统应基于辐射引起的个体变化，以便始终有一个“剂量计”，即需要进行生物剂量测定。4.基于生物学的生物剂量测定虽然可能非常有价值，但本质上必须具有模糊性，因为它取决于对损伤的反应的激活，而这些反应不是电离辐射特有的，必须随着反应的发展和后来的衰减而变化，并且很可能受到预先存在的条件和并发的扰动（如应激、伤口和烧伤）的影响。5.物理生物剂量学没有生物学生物剂量学的潜在局限性。6.基于辐射引起的牙齿和指甲变化的EPR剂量测定是最先进的物理生物剂量测定技术，并已被证明能够在感兴趣的范围内分辨剂量并立即读出。7.我们的小组已经领导了这种EPR剂量测定的发展，并准备将其变成一种可现场部署的技术，可以由非专家操作员在没有任何事先培训的情况下实施。我们将完成技术的发展，并构建现场部署的原型仪器的基础上三种不同的和互补的方法：测量在体内的牙齿，测量在体内的指甲，和测量在体外剪指甲。我们希望这些应用程序是一个多模态的方法，现场剂量测定的一部分，补充生物生物剂量测定。我们有潜在的商业合作伙伴，特别是通用电气公司，他们准备使用原型进行快速的FDA兼容的完全可部署版本的生产，一旦原型从拟议的中心可用。