Physically-Based Biodosimetry for Triage After a Large Radiation Incident

大型辐射事件后基于物理的生物剂量测定

• 批准号: 8009575
• 负责人: HAROLD M SWARTZ
• 金额: $ 331.71万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8009575
• 关键词: Physically; Based; Biodosimetry; Triage; After

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to establish a center focused on the development of field deployable physical biodosimetry utilizing EPR measurements of teeth and nails through three synergistic projects and highly integrated cores based on prior progress. The rationale for our approach we believe is compelling though relatively simple. 1. In order to respond adequately to a radiation incident in which large numbers of individuals potentially have received doses of radiation that could lead to the acute radiation syndrome it is essential to determine the dose to individuals rapidly and accurately. 2. The current capabilities and guidelines are not adequate for doing this. 3. The dosimetry system should be based on radiation induced changes within the individual so that a "dosimeter" is always in place, i.e. biodosimetry is needed. 4. Biologically based biodosimetry, while potentially very valuable, inherently must have ambiguity because it depends on the activation of responses to injury that are not specific for ionizing radiation, must vary in time as the responses are developed and later attenuated, and are very likely to be affected by both pre-existing conditions and concurrent perturbations such as stress, wounds, and burns. 5. Physical biodosimetry does not have the potential limitations of the biologically based biodosimetry. 6. EPR dosimetry based on radiation-induced changes in teeth and nails is the most advanced physical biodosimetric technique and has been shown to be capable of resolving doses in the range of interest with immediate readout. 7. Our group has led the development of such EPR dosimetry and is poised to make it into a field deployable technique that can be implemented by non-expert operators without any prior training. We will complete the development of the techniques and construct field-deployable prototypes of instruments based on three different and complimentary approaches: measurements in vivo in teeth, measurements in vivo in nails, and measurements in vitro on clipped fingernails. We expect these applications to be part of a multimodality approach to field dosimetry, complementing biological biodosimetry. We have potential commercial partners, especially General Electric, who is prepared to use the prototypes to carry out rapid FDA-compliable production of fully deployable versions as soon as the prototypes are available from the proposed center.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议建立一个中心，专注于开发利用牙齿和指甲的EPR测量的现场可部署物理生物剂量学，通过三个协同项目和基于先前进展的高度集成的核心。我们认为，我们的方法的基本原理虽然相对简单，但很有说服力。1. 为了对大量个人可能受到可能导致急性辐射综合症的辐射剂量的辐射事件作出充分反应，必须迅速和准确地确定对个人的剂量。2. 目前的能力和指导方针不足以做到这一点。3. 剂量测定系统应基于个人体内辐射引起的变化，以便“剂量计”始终到位，即需要生物剂量测定。4. 基于生物学的生物剂量测定虽然可能非常有价值，但本质上必须具有模糊性，因为它取决于对损伤的反应的激活，而这种反应不是电离辐射所特有的，必须随着反应的发展和后来的减弱而随时间变化，并且很可能受到既存在的条件和同时存在的扰动（如压力、伤口和烧伤）的影响。5. 物理生物剂量法不具有生物学基础的生物剂量法的潜在局限性。6. 基于辐射引起的牙齿和指甲变化的EPR剂量测定法是最先进的物理生物剂量测定技术，已被证明能够在感兴趣的范围内立即读出剂量。7. 我们的团队领导了这种EPR剂量法的开发，并准备将其变成一种可现场部署的技术，可以由非专业操作人员实施，无需任何事先培训。我们将完成技术的开发，并基于三种不同的互补方法构建可现场部署的仪器原型：牙齿体内测量、指甲体内测量和剪指甲体外测量。我们期望这些应用成为多模态现场剂量学方法的一部分，补充生物生物剂量学。我们有潜在的商业合作伙伴，特别是通用电气，他们准备使用原型，一旦从拟议的中心获得原型，就可以进行完全可部署版本的快速fda兼容生产。