Temporal Rate Adaption-Evidence for Supramodal Timing Mechanisms?

时间速率适应——超模态计时机制的证据？

• 批准号: 8576345
• 负责人: SHINSUKE SHIMOJO
• 金额: $ 24.98万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8576345
• 关键词: Area; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Awareness; Back; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Complement; Computer Simulation; Conscious; Cues; Data; Discipline; Disease; Dyslexia; Electroencephalogram; Exposure to; Frequencies; Goals; Intervention; Lead; Link; Literature; Measures; Mental Depression; Modality; Modeling; Neurons; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Perception; Philosophy; Physiologic pulse; Process; Psychology; Psychophysics; Research; Research Personnel; Schizophrenia; Semantics; Sensory; Series; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Visual; Work; base; cinematography; insight; multisensory; normal aging; psychologic; public health relevance; research study; response; spatial relationship; visual stimulus

Project Summary The long-term goal of this research is to understand the principles that govern crossmodal interactions in the identify and to characterize a supramodal timing mechanism for perception of rate. The central hypothesis is that there is a vigorous and adaptive central timing mechanism (responding to changes within the order of seconds to minutes) that is at least to some degree unified and amodal. The proposed studies will rely on a recently discovered crossmodal aftereffect in which repeated exposure to a pulsed adaptor stimulus leads to changes in the perception of the rate of pulsation of subsequent stimuli, such that a relatively fast adaptor leads to later stimuli being perceived as slower, while a relatively slow adaptor does the reverse. This happens even when the adaptor and test stimuli are presented with different modalities and are never presented together. In a series of psychophysical experiments, this effect will be tested with different configurations of unimodal, bimodal, and crossmodal visual stimuli. These experiments will measure the strength and direction of the aftereffect as it varies with different adaptor stimuli and with different spatial relationships and rate differences between adaptor and test. These experiments will provide for a strong test of the supramodal timing hypothesis. An additional set of psychophysical experiments will use continuous flash suppression to render participants are largely unaware of the visual stimuli and test whether adaptation still occurs. This will determine whether the effect requires conscious awareness (and thus may be largely cognitive) or is at least in part perceptual. A final set of experiments will use EEG to temporal domain. The specific objective of this proposal is to track the range of temporal frequencies and the perception threshold of the effect, via the study of the power spectrum and steady state frequency responses, and will provide an objective measure of the causal relationship between auditory and visual networks in creating the perceptual effect. The results of these experiments will place constraints on neuronal and computational models of temporal processing. Timing deficits have been linked to changes due to normal aging as well as to disorders including dyslexia, ADHD, Parkinson's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. A better model of how the brain encodes time has the potential to enhance understanding of these timing deficits and may have implications for potential clinical or psychological interventions.

项目摘要 这项研究的长期目标是了解在这些领域中控制跨模态相互作用的原则。 识别和表征超模态定时 感知速率的机制。中心假设是，有一个积极的和适应性的中央定时 一种机制（响应秒到分钟量级内的变化），至少在某种程度上是 统一的和非模态的。拟议的研究将依赖于最近发现的跨模态后效，其中 重复暴露于脉冲适配器刺激导致对心脏搏动速率的感知的变化。 随后的刺激，这样一个相对较快的适配器导致后来的刺激被感知为较慢，而 相对较慢的适配器则相反。这种情况发生时，即使适配器和测试刺激的存在 不同的模式，从来没有一起提出。在一系列心理物理实验中， 将用不同配置的单峰、双峰和交叉模态视觉刺激来测试效应。这些 实验将测量后效的强度和方向，因为它随不同的适应刺激而变化 适应者与被试之间的空间关系和速度差异不同。这些实验将 提供了一个强有力的测试超模态时序假设。另一组心理物理实验 将使用连续的闪光抑制，使参与者在很大程度上不知道视觉刺激和测试 适应是否仍然发生。这将决定该效果是否需要有意识的意识（从而 可以主要是认知的）或者至少部分是感知的。最后一组实验将使用脑电图， 时间域这项建议的具体目标是 跟踪 时间频率的范围和效果的感知阈值，通过功率谱的研究 和稳态频率响应，并将提供一个客观的措施之间的因果关系 听觉和视觉网络在创造感知效果。这些实验的结果将 时间处理的神经元和计算模型的限制。时间缺陷与以下因素有关 由于正常衰老以及包括阅读障碍、多动症、帕金森病、抑郁症、 和精神分裂症大脑如何编码时间的更好模型有可能增强理解 这些时间缺陷，并可能有潜在的临床或心理干预的影响。