Coordinate Transformation in Aftereffects and Attention

协调后效和注意力的转变

• 批准号: 6777805
• 负责人: SHINSUKE SHIMOJO
• 金额: $ 36.45万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6777805
• 关键词: attention; body movement; clinical research; cues; eye movements; head movements; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; neural information processing; parietal lobe /cortex; proprioception /kinesthesia; psychophysics; saccades; smooth pursuit eye movement; space perception; transcranial magnetic stimulation; visual pathways; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Eye movements continuously produce shifts in the visual image on the retina. Despite these dynamic inputs, we perceive stability or constancy of the visual world. Constancy is presumably based on an internal representation of space derived from both retinal and non-retinal signals. This proposal aims to understand how the brain transforms across and separately utilizes different coordinate systems (representations), what extra-retinal signals are used for the modulation or coordinate-transformation processes, and what regions of the brain are responsible for such processes. We will apply a gaze manipulation paradigm to sensory-motor aftereffects such as saccade and arm-reach adaptation, attention-modulated perceptual effects and reaction times, as well as spatial localization and memory. We extend our paradigm to head and body turns utilizing a vestibular chair, and also employ Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to obtain insights into the underlying neural mechanism. A typical experiment with the gaze manipulation paradigm will consist of an adapting (cueing or target presentation) phase, followed by a testing phase to measure negative aftereffect, attentional modulation, or mislocalization. Unlike the conventional procedure, however, there will be a refixation phase between the adapting/cueing and the testing in which the observer has to move gaze to a new location. This enables us to isolate the adapted/cued location in eye-centered and the non-eye-centered, i.e. the head-, the body-, and the environment-centered coordinate frames of reference. By presenting the test stimulus at various locations, we will obtain a spatial tuning curve to find out the degree to which the visual system maintains the eye-centered representation, and/or transfers it into a non-eye-centered description. If we find either gaze-dependent modulation or a non-eye-centered component, as indicated by our pilot studies, we will determine exactly which non-eye-centered system (head-, body-, or environment-centered) is relevant and what extra-retinal signals are critical by rotating the observer's head and/or torso in a vestibular chair. We will further apply TMS to the parietal region of the observer who is performing an attentional cueing task with a gaze shift, to see if TMS can effectively block the transformation process. The results will bridge the gap between animal physiology and human psychophysics, providing insights into coordinate transformation.

描述(申请人提供)：眼球运动持续产生视网膜上视觉图像的移动。尽管有这些动态的输入，我们仍能感觉到视觉世界的稳定或恒定。恒定性可能基于从视网膜和非视网膜信号中获得的空间的内部表示。这项建议旨在了解大脑如何跨越和单独利用不同的坐标系(表征)，哪些视网膜外信号用于调制或坐标转换过程，以及大脑的哪些区域负责这些过程。我们将把凝视操作范式应用于感觉-运动后遗症，如眼跳和手臂伸展适应，注意力调节的知觉效应和反应时间，以及空间定位和记忆。我们将我们的范例扩展到利用前庭椅子的头部和身体旋转，并使用经颅磁刺激(TMS)来获得对潜在神经机制的洞察。凝视操作范式的典型实验将包括适应(暗示或目标呈现)阶段，然后是测试阶段，以测量负面后效、注意力调制或定位错误。然而，与传统程序不同的是，在适应/暗示和测试之间将有一个重新注视阶段，在这个阶段中，观察者必须将目光移动到一个新的位置。这使我们能够在眼睛中心和非眼睛中心，即以头部、身体和环境为中心的坐标参照系中分离适应/线索位置。通过在不同位置呈现测试刺激，我们将获得一条空间调整曲线，以找出视觉系统在多大程度上保持以眼睛为中心的表征，和/或将其转换为非以眼睛为中心的描述。如果我们发现依赖凝视的调制或非眼睛中心的成分，正如我们的初步研究所表明的那样，我们将确切地确定哪个非眼睛中心系统(头部、身体或环境中心)相关，以及哪些视网膜外信号是关键的，通过在前庭椅子上旋转观察者的头部和/或躯干。我们将进一步将TMS应用于正在进行注视转移的注意线索任务的观察者的顶区，以观察TMS是否能有效地阻止转换过程。这一结果将弥合动物生理学和人类心理物理学之间的差距，为坐标转换提供见解。