Coordinate Transformation in Aftereffects and Attention

协调后效和注意力的转变

• 批准号: 7112258
• 负责人: SHINSUKE SHIMOJO
• 金额: $ 35.59万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7112258
• 关键词: attention; body movement; clinical research; cues; eye movements; head movements; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; neural information processing; parietal lobe /cortex; proprioception /kinesthesia; psychophysics; saccades; smooth pursuit eye movement; space perception; transcranial magnetic stimulation; visual pathways; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Eye movements continuously produce shifts in the visual image on the retina. Despite these dynamic inputs, we perceive stability or constancy of the visual world. Constancy is presumably based on an internal representation of space derived from both retinal and non-retinal signals. This proposal aims to understand how the brain transforms across and separately utilizes different coordinate systems (representations), what extra-retinal signals are used for the modulation or coordinate-transformation processes, and what regions of the brain are responsible for such processes. We will apply a gaze manipulation paradigm to sensory-motor aftereffects such as saccade and arm-reach adaptation, attention-modulated perceptual effects and reaction times, as well as spatial localization and memory. We extend our paradigm to head and body turns utilizing a vestibular chair, and also employ Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to obtain insights into the underlying neural mechanism. A typical experiment with the gaze manipulation paradigm will consist of an adapting (cueing or target presentation) phase, followed by a testing phase to measure negative aftereffect, attentional modulation, or mislocalization. Unlike the conventional procedure, however, there will be a refixation phase between the adapting/cueing and the testing in which the observer has to move gaze to a new location. This enables us to isolate the adapted/cued location in eye-centered and the non-eye-centered, i.e. the head-, the body-, and the environment-centered coordinate frames of reference. By presenting the test stimulus at various locations, we will obtain a spatial tuning curve to find out the degree to which the visual system maintains the eye-centered representation, and/or transfers it into a non-eye-centered description. If we find either gaze-dependent modulation or a non-eye-centered component, as indicated by our pilot studies, we will determine exactly which non-eye-centered system (head-, body-, or environment-centered) is relevant and what extra-retinal signals are critical by rotating the observer's head and/or torso in a vestibular chair. We will further apply TMS to the parietal region of the observer who is performing an attentional cueing task with a gaze shift, to see if TMS can effectively block the transformation process. The results will bridge the gap between animal physiology and human psychophysics, providing insights into coordinate transformation.

描述（由申请人提供）：眼球运动不断地产生视网膜上视觉图像的变化。尽管有这些动态输入，我们仍然感知到视觉世界的稳定性或恒定性。恒常性大概基于源自视网膜和非视网膜信号的空间内部表示。该提案旨在了解大脑如何跨不同坐标系（表示）进行转换并分别利用不同坐标系（表示），哪些视网膜外信号用于调制或坐标转换过程，以及大脑的哪些区域负责此类过程。我们将把注视操纵范式应用于感觉运动后效应，例如扫视和手臂伸展适应、注意力调节的感知效果和反应时间，以及空间定位和记忆。我们将我们的范式扩展到利用前庭椅进行头部和身体转动，并采用经颅磁刺激 (TMS) 来深入了解潜在的神经机制。凝视操纵范式的典型实验将包括适应（提示或目标呈现）阶段，然后是测量负面后效、注意力调节或错误定位的测试阶段。然而，与传统程序不同的是，在适应/提示和测试之间会有一个重新固定阶段，观察者必须将目光移到新位置。这使我们能够隔离以眼睛为中心和非眼睛为中心的适应/提示位置，即以头部、身体和环境为中心的参考坐标系。通过在不同位置呈现测试刺激，我们将获得空间调谐曲线，以找出视觉系统维持以眼睛为中心的表示和/或将其转换为非以眼睛为中心的描述的程度。如果我们发现依赖凝视的调制或非以眼睛为中心的成分，如我们的试点研究所示，我们将通过在前庭椅中旋转观察者的头部和/或躯干来准确确定哪个非以眼睛为中心的系统（以头部、身体或环境为中心）相关，以及哪些视网膜外信号是关键的。我们将进一步将 TMS 应用于通过目光转移执行注意力提示任务的观察者的顶叶区域，看看 TMS 是否可以有效地阻止转换过程。研究结果将弥合动物生理学和人类心理物理学之间的差距，为坐标变换提供见解。