Adolescent AOD Use Trajectories: The Role of Race and Ethnicity

描述(由申请人提供)：有大量研究旨在更好地了解酒精和毒品(AOD)使用模式在青春期早期到后期的转变；然而，很少有已发表的研究：a)检查一种以上物质(如酒精、大麻和香烟)的发育轨迹；b)测量初中和高中期间每年AOD的使用情况；以及c)利用具有相当大的种族和民族多样性的样本。此应用程序响应PA-11-016：酒精研究中的流行病学和预防(R01)，并通过比较种族/民族群体的AOD使用轨迹，识别预测AOD使用轨迹的风险和保护因素，以及检查不同AOD轨迹和不同种族/民族的年轻人与AOD相关的结果可能如何不同，来推进AOD使用的流行病学。目前的提案是R01AA016577(PI：D‘Amico)，CHOICE项目的延续，该项目使用三年来的五波数据评估了南加州16所中学的AOD使用情况。这项研究的重点是从更大的样本中抽取的两个队列(n=5117)，他们在性别(50%女性)和种族/民族构成(54%西班牙裔，16%亚裔，9%多民族，15%白人和4%黑人)方面存在差异，并对他们从六年级到高中后进行年度评估。我们的目标是：目标1。研究青少年从青春期早期到青春期晚期的AOD使用轨迹。目标1a。检查不同种族/民族群体中AOD使用轨迹的相似性/差异性。目的2.研究个人因素(例如，期望、教育愿望)、家庭因素(例如，家庭物质使用、文化价值观)、同伴因素(例如，感知到的同伴使用、同伴认可)、学校因素(例如，学校水平的社会人口构成和气候)以及邻里因素(例如，酒精出口密度，SES)如何与随时间推移的AOD使用轨迹相关联。目标2a。检查这些因素如何影响种族/民族群体的AOD轨迹的异同。目的3.研究这些AOD使用轨迹与青春期晚期结果在五个关键领域的关联：学业成绩、犯罪、心理健康、身体健康和社会功能。目标3a。研究不同种族/民族群体在这五个领域的AOD轨迹与青春期晚期结果之间的异同。目前的研究是创新的，因为很少有轨迹研究从青春期早期到青春期后期进行年度评估，并评估几种不同物质的使用情况，如酒精、大麻和香烟的使用。这些发现将极大地提高这一领域的科学知识，因为它们将使人们更好地了解在青春期初期和后期使用AOD的种族/族裔差异，从而改进对这一年龄段的预防干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a great deal of research aimed at better understanding transitions in alcohol and drug (AOD) use patterns across early to late adolescence; however, there are few published studies that: a) examine developmental trajectories for more than one substance (e.g., alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes); b) measure AOD use annually during both the middle school and high school years; and c) utilize a sample with substantial racial and ethnic diversity. This application responds to PA-11-016: Epidemiology and Prevention in Alcohol Research (R01), and advances the epidemiology of underage AOD use by comparing racial/ethnic groups on their trajectories of AOD use, identifying risk and protective factors that predict AOD use trajectories, and examining how AOD-related outcomes may differ for different AOD trajectories and youth of different races/ethnicities. The current proposal is a continuation of R01AA016577 (PI: D'Amico), CHOICE, a project that assessed AOD use in 16 middle schools in Southern California with five waves of data over three years. This study focuses on two cohorts (n=5117) taken from the larger sample, which are diverse in terms of gender (50% female) and racial/ethnic composition (54% Hispanic, 16% Asian, 9% multiethnic, 15% white, and 4% Black) and follows them from 6th grade to post high school with annual assessments. Our aims are: Aim 1. Examine AOD use trajectories as youth transition from early to late adolescence. Aim 1a. Examine similarities/differences in AOD use trajectories across racial/ethnic groups. Aim 2. Examine how individual factors (e.g., expectancies, educational aspirations), family factors (e.g., family substance use, cultural values), peer factors (e.g., perceived peer use, peer approval), school factors (e.g., school-level sociodemographic composition and climate), and neighborhood factors (e.g., alcohol outlet density, SES) are associated with AOD use trajectories over time. Aim 2a. Examine similarities and differences in how these factors affect AOD trajectories across racial/ethnic groups. Aim 3. Examine the association of these AOD use trajectories with late adolescent outcomes in five key domains: academic achievement, delinquency, mental health, physical health and social functioning. Aim 3a. Examine similarities and differences in how AOD trajectories are associated with late adolescent outcomes in these five domains across racial/ethnic groups. The current study is innovative as there is little trajectory research that conducts annual assessments from early adolescence to late adolescence and assesses use across several different substances, such as alcohol, marijuana and cigarette use. Findings will significantly improve scientific knowledge in this area as they will lead to a greater understanding of racial/ethnic differences in AOD use during early to late adolescence, which could then lead to improved preventative interventions for this age group.