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The development of neural responses to punishment in adolescence

青春期对惩罚的神经反应的发展

基本信息

批准号：
8699087
负责人：
Russell A Poldrack
金额：
$ 15.69万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-01 至 2015-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8699087
关键词：
12 year old 19 year old Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Age Amygdaloid structure Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain region Cessation of life Child Choice Behavior Corpus striatum structure Decision Making Development Disease Drops Drug Addiction Drug abuse Drug usage Event Feedback Future Illicit Drugs Impairment Incentives Individual Individual Differences Injury Insula of Reil Lead Learning Life Literature Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Modeling Nature Negative Finding Outcome Play Policies Process Psychological reinforcement Punishment Relative (related person)Research Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Signal Transduction Stimulus Teenagers Testing Time Translating Unsafe Sex adolescent drug use age difference age group age related base blood oxygenation level dependent response design effective intervention interest neurodevelopment programs reinforcer relating to nervous system response sound young adult

项目摘要

Adolescence is a risk period for the onset of drug use, with more individuals initiating drug use during these years than any other time in life. In addition, those individuals who initiate drug use earlier in adolescence are at greater risk for developing drug abuse and dependence later in life. Adolescents are known to engage disproportionately in many types of risky behavior, such as reckless driving, illicit drug use, and unsafe sex. Research has aimed to determine whether the development of neural processing could lead to the post- adolescent drop in risk-taking behavior. While several studies have demonstrated shifts in reward sensitivity across adolescence, very little research has examined the development of sensitivity to punishment. Recent research has demonstrated behaviorally that the ability to learn from punishment continues to develop throughout adolescence. It is unclear, however, if this is because children and adolescents simply find negative events less aversive than adults, or if, instead, they find punishment equally unpleasant, but are unable to incorporate this information into a learning signal, known as a prediction error signal, that is necessary to learn to approach or avoid stimuli that have previously been rewarded or punished, respectively. The proposed study aims to dissociate between these two possibilities by having groups of children, adolescents, and young adults perform a valence-modulated probabilistic learning task in an MRI scanner, where they be rewarded for correct choices during one block, and punished for incorrect choices during another. BOLD response will be measured in a contrast of negative feedback vs. positive feedback and compared across age groups to determine developmental differences in overall response to punishment, and separately prediction error response to punishment will be measured. We predict that no age differences will emerge in the negative feedback vs. positive feedback contrast, but children and adolescents will show a diminished prediction error response relative to adults.

青春期是开始吸毒的危险时期，在这一时期开始吸毒的人比生命中的任何其他时期都多。此外，那些在青春期较早开始吸毒的人在以后的生活中出现药物滥用和依赖的风险更大。众所周知，青少年过多地从事许多类型的危险行为，如鲁莽驾驶、非法使用药物和不安全性行为。研究的目的是确定神经处理的发展是否会导致青春期后冒险行为的下降。虽然有几项研究证明了青春期对奖励的敏感性会发生变化，但很少有研究考察了对惩罚敏感性的发展。最近的研究表明，从行为上讲，从惩罚中学习的能力在整个青春期持续发展。然而，目前尚不清楚，这是因为儿童和青少年对负面事件的厌恶程度低于成年人，还是因为他们对惩罚同样感到不愉快，但无法将这一信息纳入学习信号，即预测误差信号，这是学习接近或避免先前分别受到奖励或惩罚的刺激所必需的。这项研究的目的是分离这两种可能性，方法是让一组儿童、青少年和年轻人在核磁共振扫描仪中执行一项价格调节的概率学习任务，在其中一个区块中，他们在正确的选择中得到奖励，在另一个区块中，他们在错误的选择中受到惩罚。BOLD反应将在负反馈和正反馈的对比中进行测量，并在不同年龄组之间进行比较，以确定对惩罚的总体反应的发展差异，并单独测量对惩罚的预测误差反应。我们预测在负反馈和正反馈对比中不会出现年龄差异，但儿童和青少年的预测误差反应相对于成年人会减少。