Parent FIT START: Parent Feedback Intervention Targeting Student Transitions & Al

描述（由申请人提供）：在大学期间，父母继续对孩子的酒精相关态度和行为施加重大影响，特别是通过保护因素，如酒精专用沟通和父母监督。只有少数研究采用有限类型的模式和内容（例如，邮寄父母手册和社交媒体活动）评估了基于父母的干预措施（PBIs）的有效性。这些研究记录了短期PBIs在降低大学生酒精风险方面的好处，尽管它们的适度效果已经导致人们呼吁开发、完善和评估新的PBIs。此外，父母通常会低估自己孩子的饮酒情况和对饮酒行为的认可。此外，父母高估了其他大学生父母对孩子饮酒的认可程度，低估了其他父母在与大学生谈论酒精问题时的积极程度。社会规范理论预测，这些误解导致父母对大学环境中的饮酒持更宽容的态度，同时也减少了父母参与这个问题的动机。此外，父母的态度与孩子自己在大学里与酒精有关的态度和行为有可靠的联系。因此，通过规范反馈纠正父母的误解可能会加强父母对过度饮酒的反对，并产生更高质量和频率的沟通和监督。提出的研究旨在评估家长FIT START（针对学生过渡和酒精风险轨迹的家长反馈干预）项目的效果，该项目将在

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parents continue to exert significant influence on their child's alcohol-related attitudes and behavior while in college, particularly via protective factor such as alcohol-specific communication and parental monitoring. Only a small number of studies, employing limited types of modalities and content (e.g., mailed parent handbooks and social media campaigns), have evaluated the efficacy of parent-based interventions (PBIs). These studies have documented the benefits of brief PBIs to reduce alcohol risk among college students, though their modest effects have led to calls to develop, refine and evaluate new PBIs. Further, parents typically underestimate their own child's alcohol use and approval of drinking behaviors. In addition, parents overestimate how approving other college parents are towards their child's alcohol use, and underestimate how proactive other parents are in talking to their college-aged students about alcohol. Social norms theory predicts that these misperceptions contribute to parents holding more permissive attitudes toward drinking in the college environment, while also decreasing parental motivation to become involved with the issue. Moreover, parents' attitudes are reliably linked to their child's own alcohol-related attitudes and behaviors in college. Thus, correcting parents' misperceptions via normative feedback is likely to reinforce parental disapproval of excessive drinking and produce greater quality and frequency of communication and monitoring. The proposed study seeks to evaluate the effects of the Parent FIT START (Parent Feedback Intervention Targeting Students' Transitions & Alcohol Risk Trajectories) project that will be delivered to groups of parents during summer orientation sessions to (1) reduce parents' normative misperceptions of other parents' attitudes and their own child's drinking while reinforcing the importance of maintaining dialogue with their child about parental alcohol-related attitudes and expectations, and (2) subsequently impact students' alcohol risk across the first-year of college. During orientation, intervention condition parents (with children of the same gender) will receive interactive normative feedback derived live in their group setting pertaining to other parents' approval levels regarding their child's drinking in college, along with feedback about the drinking behaviors of typical LMU first-year students (same gender as their child). Normative feedback will be presented using novel interactive wireless handheld clicker technology recently shown by PI LaBrie to immediately correct normative misperceptions and reduce permissive alcohol-related attitudes and risky behaviors among students. This approach is well supported in theory and practice and the novel extension to parents is expected to promote more disapproving parental attitudes towards alcohol use as well as increase active, informed and sustained parental dialogue with their incoming student about alcohol-related issues. Enhanced communication of parent attitudes and monitoring will, in turn, influence the attitudes of the child and result in less risky alcoholuse in college in comparison to control group peers.