Parent FIT START: Parent Feedback Intervention Targeting Student Transitions & Al

描述(由申请者提供)：父母在大学期间继续对孩子与酒精有关的态度和行为施加重大影响，特别是通过保护因素，如针对酒精的沟通和父母监督。只有少数使用有限类型的模式和内容(例如邮寄的家长手册和社交媒体宣传活动)的研究评估了以家长为基础的干预措施(PBI)的效果。这些研究已经证明了简短的PBI在降低大学生饮酒风险方面的好处，尽管它们的温和影响导致了开发、改进和评估新的PBI的呼声。此外，父母通常会低估自己孩子的饮酒量和对饮酒行为的认可。此外，父母高估了其他大学生家长对孩子饮酒的认可程度，而低估了其他家长在与大学年龄的学生谈论酒精问题时的主动性。社会规范理论预测，这些误解导致父母在大学环境中对饮酒持更宽容的态度，同时也降低了父母参与这一问题的动机。此外，父母的态度与他们孩子在大学里与酒精相关的态度和行为有可靠的联系。因此，通过规范反馈纠正父母的误解可能会加强父母对过度饮酒的反对，并产生更高质量和更频繁的沟通和监测。这项拟议的研究旨在评估家长FIT START(针对学生过渡和酗酒风险轨迹的家长反馈干预)项目的效果，该项目将在 (1)减少父母对其他父母的态度和自己孩子饮酒的规范性误解，同时加强与孩子就父母与酒精相关的态度和期望保持对话的重要性，以及(2)随后影响学生在大学一年级的酒精风险。在迎新期间，有干预条件的父母(孩子是同性的)将在他们的小组环境中收到互动的规范反馈，这些反馈涉及其他家长对他们孩子在大学里饮酒的认可程度，以及关于典型的LMU一年级学生(与他们的孩子相同性别)饮酒行为的反馈。规范反馈将使用PiLaBrie最近展示的新型交互式无线手持点击器技术来提供，以立即纠正规范误解，并减少学生中与酒精相关的放任态度和危险行为。这一方法在理论和实践中都得到了很好的支持，新的扩展到父母的做法预计将促进更多的父母对酒精使用持反对态度，并增加父母与其新生就与酒精有关的问题进行的积极、知情和持续的对话。与对照组同龄人相比，加强父母态度的沟通和监督将反过来影响孩子的态度，并导致在大学里饮酒的风险较低。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parents continue to exert significant influence on their child's alcohol-related attitudes and behavior while in college, particularly via protective factor such as alcohol-specific communication and parental monitoring. Only a small number of studies, employing limited types of modalities and content (e.g., mailed parent handbooks and social media campaigns), have evaluated the efficacy of parent-based interventions (PBIs). These studies have documented the benefits of brief PBIs to reduce alcohol risk among college students, though their modest effects have led to calls to develop, refine and evaluate new PBIs. Further, parents typically underestimate their own child's alcohol use and approval of drinking behaviors. In addition, parents overestimate how approving other college parents are towards their child's alcohol use, and underestimate how proactive other parents are in talking to their college-aged students about alcohol. Social norms theory predicts that these misperceptions contribute to parents holding more permissive attitudes toward drinking in the college environment, while also decreasing parental motivation to become involved with the issue. Moreover, parents' attitudes are reliably linked to their child's own alcohol-related attitudes and behaviors in college. Thus, correcting parents' misperceptions via normative feedback is likely to reinforce parental disapproval of excessive drinking and produce greater quality and frequency of communication and monitoring. The proposed study seeks to evaluate the effects of the Parent FIT START (Parent Feedback Intervention Targeting Students' Transitions & Alcohol Risk Trajectories) project that will be delivered to groups of parents during summer orientation sessions to (1) reduce parents' normative misperceptions of other parents' attitudes and their own child's drinking while reinforcing the importance of maintaining dialogue with their child about parental alcohol-related attitudes and expectations, and (2) subsequently impact students' alcohol risk across the first-year of college. During orientation, intervention condition parents (with children of the same gender) will receive interactive normative feedback derived live in their group setting pertaining to other parents' approval levels regarding their child's drinking in college, along with feedback about the drinking behaviors of typical LMU first-year students (same gender as their child). Normative feedback will be presented using novel interactive wireless handheld clicker technology recently shown by PI LaBrie to immediately correct normative misperceptions and reduce permissive alcohol-related attitudes and risky behaviors among students. This approach is well supported in theory and practice and the novel extension to parents is expected to promote more disapproving parental attitudes towards alcohol use as well as increase active, informed and sustained parental dialogue with their incoming student about alcohol-related issues. Enhanced communication of parent attitudes and monitoring will, in turn, influence the attitudes of the child and result in less risky alcoholuse in college in comparison to control group peers.