Perkin-Elmer NexION-300D Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS)

描述（由申请人提供）：2000年，哥伦比亚大学的一组科学家获得了NIEHS P42超级基金研究计划的大笔资助，题为“砷和锰的健康影响和地球化学”。这笔赠款现已竞争性地延长了两次，其重点是由于饮用天然富含砷和/或锰的井水而产生的全球公共卫生问题。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）估计，超过1.4亿人长期暴露于高浓度的砷。虽然我们的工作包括在美国（缅因州、新罕布什尔州和新泽西州）开展的项目，但我们工作的主要重点是在孟加拉国开展的一系列项目。自20世纪70年代初以来，孟加拉国大约有4000万人长期接触到这两种有毒元素，当时联合国儿童基金会安装了大约100万口井，以减少饮用地表水造成的腹泻疾病的负担。在过去的十年中，我们的P42拨款已经分拆了9个R01拨款给目前提案中的4名研究人员；这四名调查人员曾经都在哥伦比亚大学，但现在分散在三个机构，即哥伦比亚大学、纽约大学和芝加哥大学。我们的研究依赖于珀金-埃尔默电感耦合等离子体质谱计（ICP-MS），它现在已经使用了12年，需要更换。ICP-MS同时测定血中As、Mn、Pb、Se的浓度，测定血、尿中6种As代谢物的比例。仅在过去的七年中，该仪器就分析了近18,000个生物样本。Joseph Graziano博士的工作重点是暴露于砷和过量锰对儿童的影响。Mary Gamble博士进行的具有里程碑意义的研究表明，孟加拉国研究参与者的叶酸状况深刻影响As的代谢和毒性，补充叶酸有助于As的甲基化（即解毒）和消除，从而降低血液中的As。Habibul Ahsan博士曾担任纵向前瞻性队列研究“砷纵向研究（HEALS）的健康影响”的PI。该项目于2000年在孟加拉国招募了1.2万名成年人，并于2006年将样本量增加到2.4万人。HEALS研究产生了一系列具有里程碑意义的发现，涉及暴露与神经病变、肺部疾病、皮肤病变和慢性疾病死亡率之间的剂量-反应关系，以及作为效果调节剂的许多因素。最后，陈宇博士的研究重点是As对心血管的显著影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In 2000, a group of scientists at Columbia University were awarded a large P42 Superfund Research Program grant from NIEHS entitled "Health Effects and Geochemistry of Arsenic and Manganese." That grant, now competitively renewed twice, has focused on the global public health problems that arise as a consequence of the consumption of well water that is naturally enriched in arsenic (As) and/or manganese (Mn). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 140 million people are chronically exposed to elevated concentrations of As alone. While our work includes projects in the U.S. (Maine, New Hampshire and New Jersey), the primary focus of our work has been a set of projects that take place in Bangladesh, where roughly 40 million people have been chronically exposed to both toxic elements since the early 1970s, when UNICEF installed roughly one million wells to reduce the burden of diarrheal disease from drinking surface water. Over the past decade, our P42 grant has spun off nine R01 grants to the four investigators in the current proposal; the four investigators were once all at Columbia University but are now spread across three institutions, i.e., Columbia, NYU and the University of Chicago. Our research has relied on a Perkin-Elmer Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) which is now 12 years old and in need of replacement. The ICP-MS is used to simultaneously measure the concentrations of As, Mn, Pb and Se in blood, and to measure the proportions of six metabolites of As in blood and urine. Over the past seven years alone, nearly 18,000 biological samples have been analyzed by this instrument. The work of Dr. Joseph Graziano has focused on the consequences of exposure to As and excess Mn on children. Dr. Mary Gamble has conducted landmark studies that indicate that the folate status of Bangladeshi study participants profoundly influences As metabolism and toxicity, and that folic acid supplementation facilitates As methylation (i.e., detoxification) and elimination, thereby lowering blood As. Dr. Habibul Ahsan has served as the PI of a longitudinal prospective cohort study entitled "Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS)." This project recruited 12,000 adults in Bangladesh in 2000, and increased its sample size to 24,000 participants in 2006. The HEALS study has produced a series of landmark findings concerning dose- response relationships between exposure and neuropathy, pulmonary disease, skin lesions, and chronic disease mortality, as well as a host of factors that act as effect modifiers. Finally, Dr.Yu Chen's research has focused on the remarkable cardiovascular effects of As.