Project 3: Consequences of As & Mn Exposure on Childhood Intelligence

在过去的赠款周期中，在孟加拉国的阿拉哈扎尔工作，那里有广泛的 饮用水中的砷(As)和锰(Mn)，我们已经证明这两种元素对人体都有不良影响。 对儿童智力的影响。目前的提案试图进一步测试和阐述以下假设 在两个不同的人群样本中，暴露于砷和锰与智力功能缺陷有关。 第一个利用了美国人口，我们能够对他们应用标准化分数来估计 与智商相关的程度。第二项研究利用孟加拉的人口来研究 砷对智力功能的影响不是可逆的；它利用了哥伦比亚地球研究所 向孟加拉国阿拉伊哈扎尔的暴露人群提供不含砷的深管井水的倡议。 在新汉普郡(NH)，我们将对500名四年级儿童进行横断面研究，以检查 水砷、水锰与智商的关系。我们选择了一些学校来提供一个样本，在这个样本中 根据美国地质勘探局的数据，70%的人会从砷含量为10微克/L的井中用水，30%的人会从砷含量为10微克/L的井中用水。 水井中锰的分布没有得到很好的描述，但有限的美国地质调查局数据表明，大约10% 该地区油井的锰浓度将超过EPA健康咨询水平300微克/升。 在孟加拉国，我们将检验这样一种假设，即提供低砷/低锰管井与 改善了智力功能。我们建议对300名儿童(基线年龄为7-9岁)进行为期两年的前瞻性研究 在孟加拉的阿拉伊哈萨。以下4组每组将招募75名儿童：a)Low As，Low 低砷，高锰；c)高砷，低锰；d)高砷，高锰。根据美国环保署的指导方针， 经过初步智力评估后，“低至”将达到10微克/L，“低锰”将达到300微克/L。 对于高砷井，将提供进入低砷/低锰社区井的机会，并进行教育，以促进其 使用。将在补救之前以及在补救后12个月和24个月对儿童进行评估。 考虑到在美国，大约有130万人接触到饮用水中的10微克/L， 家庭中的锰虽然特征不是很好，但已知在几个州(例如PA、NH)中升高， 确定对儿童智力的不利影响可能会对公共健康产生重大影响 以及制定减少风险敞口的政策。

During the past grant cycle, working in Araihazar, Bangladesh, where there is a wide range of both arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in drinking water, we have demonstrated that both elements have adverse effects on child intelligence. The current proposal seeks to further test and elaborate on the hypotheses that exposure to As and Mn are associated with deficits in intellectual function in two distinct population samples. The first draws on a U.S. population, for whom we are able to apply standardized scores to estimate the magnitude of the association with IQ. The second draws on a Bangladesh population to examine whether or not the effects of As on intellectual function are reversible; it takes advantage of a Columbia Earth Institute initiative to provide As-free deep tube-well water to an exposed population in Araihazar, Bangladesh. In New Hampshire (NH), we will conduct a cross-sectional study of 500 fourth-grade children to examine the relations between water As, water Mn and IQ. We selected schools to yield a sample in which roughly 70% will consume water from wells with < 10 ug As/L, 30% from wells with >10 ug/L, based on USGS data. The distribution of Mn in wells is less well characterized, but limited USGS data indicates that roughly 10% of wells in this region will have Mn concentrations above the EPA Health Advisory Level of 300 ug/L. In Bangladesh, we will test the hypothesis that provision of low As/low Mn tube wells is associated with improved intellectual function. We propose a two-year prospective study of 300 children (baseline ages 7-9) in Araihazar, Bangladesh. For each of the following 4 groups, 75 children will be recruited: a) low As, low Mn; b) low As, high Mn; c) high As, low Mn; d) high As, high Mn. Based on EPA guidelines, the definition of "low As" will be < 10ug/L, and "low Mn" will be < 300 ug/L After their initial intellectual assessment, children with high As wells will be provided access to low As/low Mn community wells and education to promote their use. Children will be assessed before remediation and at 12- and 24-months post-remediation. Given that in the U.S., approximately 1.3 million people are exposed to > 10 ug/L As in drinking water, and household Mn, though less well characterized, is known to be elevated in several states (e.g. PA, NH), identification of adverse effects on childhood intelligence may have significant impact both on public health and on establishment of policies to reduce exposure.