Social - Emotional Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns

青少年和年轻人吸烟仍然是最重要的公共卫生挑战之一。几乎所有的吸烟者都是在青少年时期开始吸烟的，但吸烟在青年时期变得根深蒂固。更多地了解促进或防止吸烟进程和尼古丁依赖的因素可能有助于我们制定更有效的干预措施。同样重要的是理解从青春期到青年期的过渡是如何影响在青春期形成的吸烟模式的，这一过渡会带来多种生活变化，并增加行为问题的风险。这个项目将提供一个深入的、多方法的研究，从实验开始，从青春期到成年早期，吸烟模式和预测因素。这一延续是建立在并扩展了我们目前的工作，建议继续跟踪高风险人群，这些人最初在青春期中期被识别和表征，现在已进入青年期。我们建议跟踪这些人直到他们20岁出头，这是吸烟和依赖的最高风险时期。我们将继续关注可能影响吸烟的社会情感环境，并将其扩展到探索发展依赖的有希望的遗传标记。在各个项目中，我们还将通过多种方法描述从吸烟早期开始的依赖发展。这些项目在概念上是联系在一起的，因为它们共同考虑影响从青春期到青年期吸烟模式的因素，在方法上是联系在一起的，因为它们使用共同的参与者队列。我们最重要的兴趣是识别、描述和预测吸烟和尼古丁依赖的发展模式，考虑到遗传、社会和情感环境的动态相互作用。我们的计划项目包括四个研究项目和三个核心项目。这四个研究项目是：

Cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults remains one of the most important public health challenges. Almost all smokers begin smoking while in their adolescent years, but smoking becomes entrenched during the young adult years. Understanding more about the factors that promote or protect against smoking progression and nicotine dependence may help us to develop more effective interventions. Also important is understanding how the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, a transition that brings multiple life changes and heightened risk for behavioral problems, influences smoking patterns that have been set in motion during adolescence. This program project will provide an in-depth, multi-method study of the patterns and predictors of smoking patterns from experimentation onward, from adolescence through young adulthood. This continuation builds on and extends our current work by proposing to continue to follow a high risk cohort of individuals, first identified and characterized during mid-adolescence, and who are now in young adulthood. We propose to follow these individuals through their early twenties, the period of highest risk for establishment of smoking and dependence. We will maintain our focus on the social emotional contexts that may influence smoking, and extend this to explore promising genetic markers for the development of dependence. Across projects, we will also characterize, through multiple methods, the development of dependence from the early stages of smoking onward. The projects are linked conceptually through their common consideration of factors that influence the patterns of smoking from adolescence through young adulthood, and methodologically, through their use of a common cohort of participants. Our overriding interest is in identifying, describing, and predicting patterns of progression of smoking and nicotine dependence, considering the dynamic interplay of genetic, social, and emotional contexts. Our proposed program project comprises four research projects and three cores. The four research projects are: 1) Patterns and Predictors of Smoking from Adolescence to Young Adulthood; 2) Proximal Contexts of Young Adult Smoking Patterns; 3) Emotional Indices of Withdrawal in Young Adult Smokers; and 4) Genetic Risk Markers for Smoking Progression. Our three Cores are: 1) Scientific/Administrative Core; 2) Participant Interaction Core; and 3) Data Management, Measurement, and Statistics Core.