Advanced Technology to Study Visual Function on a Cellular Scale

在细胞尺度上研究视觉功能的先进技术

• 批准号: 8698161
• 负责人: Austin Roorda
• 金额: $ 126.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8698161
• 关键词: Affect; Alabama; Animal Model; Area; Basic Science; Biomedical Engineering; Blood Vessels; Brain; California; Cells; Cessation of life; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Collaborations; Color; Color Visions; Computer software; Cone; Custom; Densitometry; Disease; Disease Progression; Electrophysiology (science); Engineering; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Eye diseases; Functional disorder; Human; Image; Imagery; Knowledge; Lasers; Lateral; Life; Light; Location; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Microscopic; Monitor; Monkeys; Motion; Mutation; Neurosciences; Ophthalmoscopes; Ophthalmoscopy; Optical Instrument; Optics; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Performance; Photoreceptors; Primates; Property; Psychophysics; Research; Resolution; Resource Sharing; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Ganglion Cells; San Francisco; Scanning; Science; Series; Site; Source; Speed; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Translating; Translations; Treatment Efficacy; Universities; Validation; Vision; Vision Tests; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; adaptive optics; advanced system; base; cell type; cellular pathology; clinical application; design; efficacy testing; fovea centralis; ganglion cell; improved; in vivo; innovation; instrument; interest; knowledge translation; patient population; public health relevance; receptive field; research study; response; retinal rods; spatial vision

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is to develop and support three state-of-the-art optical instruments that provide microscopic access to the living retina, and use them to obtain a clearer understanding of how the human visual system works. They will be used to answer questions about the most important and the most challenging region in the retina to study, the fovea. The instruments are built upon two key technical strengths - adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) systems and accurate, high-speed eye-motion tracking. Adaptive optics (AO) technology corrects the imperfections in the eye and can be used to generate microscopic views of the living retina. AO also enables the delivery of ultra-sharp images to the retina. Eye tracking is used to measure and compensate for ever-present eye motion. Together, these allow for accurate visualization, tracking and delivery of light to retinal features as small as single cone photoreceptors, enabling measurements of properties of spatial and color vision on an unprecedented scale. Although the three systems will be identical and will be used to test vision on a cellular scale, the scope of study for each system will be very different. The AOSLO at the University of Alabama, Birmingham will be used to test vision in primates, the AOSLO at the University of California, Berkeley will be used to perform advanced vision testing on healthy human eyes, and the AOSLO at the University of California, San Francisco will be used to study patients with eye disease. The key advantage of having the BRP manage three identical systems is that it will facilitate hardware innovations plus rapid translation of knowledge and innovative testing from animal models to the clinic. Briefly, the specific aims are: Aim 1: Develop and deploy state-of-the-art AOSLO systems at each site. Demonstrate performance by performing objective densitometry measures in monkeys and humans to map the three classes of cone photoreceptor that subserve color vision. Aim 2: Develop improved eye tracking and stimulus delivery capabilities in each system. Confirm performance by using subjective psychophysical tests to map the same three classes of cone photoreceptor as in Aim 1. Aim 3: Perform a series of experiments in monkeys and humans to map the connections and interactions within and between the retina and the brain and to study how we see the world as stable even though our eyes are in constant motion. Aim 4: Apply advanced vision testing methods in the clinic to discover mechanisms for cone death in different diseases, to monitor changes in cone function and structure during disease progression and to test the efficacy of treatments that aim to stop or slow disease progression. Aim 5: Make eye tracking and targeted stimulus delivery capabilities accessible to a wider audience by providing software, hardware designs and a forum for anyone interesting in building similar advanced systems.

描述(申请人提供)：这个项目是开发和支持三种最先进的光学仪器，提供对活体视网膜的显微接触，并使用它们来更清楚地了解人类视觉系统是如何工作的。他们将被用来回答有关视网膜中最重要、最具挑战性的研究区域--中心凹的问题。这些仪器建立在两个关键技术优势的基础上--自适应光学扫描激光眼底镜(AOSLO)系统和准确、高速的眼动跟踪。自适应光学(AO)技术可以纠正眼睛中的缺陷，并可用于生成活视网膜的显微图像。AO还可以将超清晰的图像传输到视网膜。眼球跟踪用于测量和补偿始终存在的眼球运动。这些功能结合在一起，可以实现准确的可视化、跟踪和将光传输到视网膜 功能小到单视锥感光器，能够以前所未有的规模测量空间和颜色视觉特性。尽管这三个系统将是完全相同的，并将用于在细胞尺度上测试视力，但每个系统的研究范围将非常不同。伯明翰阿拉巴马大学的AOSLO将用于测试灵长类动物的视力，加州大学伯克利分校的AOSLO将用于对健康人类眼睛进行高级视力测试，加州大学旧金山分校的AOSLO将用于研究眼病患者。由BRP管理三个相同系统的关键优势是，它将促进硬件创新，以及从动物模型到临床的知识快速转化和创新测试。简而言之，具体目标是：目标1：在每个地点开发和部署最先进的AOSLO系统。通过在猴子和人类身上进行客观密度测量来展示性能，以绘制出三种锥体感光细胞的图谱，这些感光细胞有助于颜色视觉。目标2：在每个系统中开发改进的眼球跟踪和刺激传递能力。通过使用主观心理物理测试来映射与目标1相同的三类视锥感光细胞，以确认其表现。目标3：在猴子和人类身上进行一系列实验，以映射视网膜和大脑内部和之间的连接和相互作用，并研究即使我们的眼睛在不断运动，我们如何将世界视为稳定的。目的4：将先进的视力检测方法应用于临床，以发现不同疾病的视锥细胞死亡机制，监测疾病进展过程中视锥细胞功能和结构的变化，并检验旨在阻止或延缓疾病进展的治疗方法的疗效。目标5：通过为任何对构建类似先进系统感兴趣的人提供软件、硬件设计和论坛，使眼球跟踪和定向刺激交付功能为更广泛的受众所接受。