Single cone contributions to color perception using adaptive optics

使用自适应光学器件对颜色感知的单锥体贡献

• 批准号: 8316277
• 负责人: Austin Roorda
• 金额: $ 15.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8316277
• 关键词: Address; Amblyopia; Behavior; Categories; Clinical; Color; Color Perception; Data; Databases; Detection; Disease; Disease Outcome; Disease Progression; Environment; Eye; Future; Generations; Goals; Human; Image; Individual; Judgment; Label; Lasers; Laws; Learning; Life; Light Adaptations; Location; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Motion; Neighborhoods; Ophthalmoscopes; Patient Care; Perception; Persons; Photoreceptors; Physiological; Play; Positioning Attribute; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Research; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Degeneration; Retinal Dystrophy; Role; Scanning; Scotoma; Spottings; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Treatment outcome; Tremor; Validation; Visible Radiation; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Work; achromatopsia; adaptive optics; base; ciliopathy; disease mechanisms study; falls; flexibility; fovea centralis; fundamental research; ganglion cell; image processing; improved; innovation; research study; response; spatial vision; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Imagine a technology able to noninvasively identify individual cones in the living human retina and selectively stimulate them to study their contribution to visual perception. This technology could also track retinal functional organization at the border of a visual scotoma to study mechanisms disease and outcomes of treatment regimes. The technology does not yet exist but the current generation of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO), with its unique ability to compensate for retinal motion and image the cone mosaic, comes very close. The remaining obstacle is real time correction of transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) between the infrared beam and a visible light laser beam so that we can repeatedly, continuously and reliably image and stimulate the individual identified cones from day to day. Achieving and validating this capability is the principal goal (Aim 1) of this proposal. The validation of TCA error correction includes both physical (image processing) and innovative perceptual (chromatic shifts) techniques of characterizing the accuracy and reliability of stimulating the center of single cones. The method includes rapid identification of L & M cone classes which is itself a significant advance. In Aim 2, after we map out an array of cones identified by class near the fovea, we will stimulate different single L and M cones within the array while observers judge the intensity, hue and saturation of the flash. This single cone stimulation aim focuses on characterizing the stability of percepts within a cone and consistency across cones of the same class. This step will establish the parameters of cone activation and resultant percepts and clarify any constraints it might impose on future research. Along the way we expect to confirm or discredit hypotheses on the consequences of different cone class neighborhoods around the single probed cone. In Aim 3 we examine mechanisms of light adaptation; does it occur within a single cone? With our superior image stabilization, small steady, intense pedestals delivered to the center of a cone are expected to result in rapid Troxler fading. Once faded, the pedestal may not saturate the incremental test response (as in the Westheimer effect) but instead act largely like a uniform field with a constant cone-selective Weber law behavior. What appeared to be cone saturation may result from eye tremor. The proposed single cone studies will demonstrate the capabilities of the AOSLO. Future studies involving simultaneous and independent stimulation of multiple identified cones will be just as easy to perform and be able to address research questions extending from color to spatial vision in general.

描述（由申请人提供）：想象一种能够非侵入性地识别活体人类视网膜中的个体视锥细胞并选择性地刺激它们以研究它们对视觉感知的贡献的技术。该技术还可以跟踪视觉暗点边缘的视网膜功能组织，以研究疾病的机制和治疗方案的结果。这项技术还不存在，但目前一代的自适应光学扫描激光检眼镜（AOSLO），其独特的能力，以补偿视网膜运动和图像的锥马赛克，是非常接近。剩下的障碍是红外光束和可见光激光光束之间的横向色差（TCA）的真实的时间校正，使得我们可以每天重复地、连续地和可靠地成像和刺激各个识别的视锥细胞。实现和验证这种能力是本提案的主要目标（目标1）。TCA误差校正的验证包括表征刺激单视锥中心的准确性和可靠性的物理（图像处理）和创新的感知（色移）技术。该方法包括快速识别L & M锥类，这本身就是一个重大的进步。在目标2中，在我们绘制出中央凹附近按类别识别的视锥细胞阵列后，我们将刺激阵列内不同的单个L和M视锥细胞，同时观察者判断闪光的强度、色调和饱和度。这种单一视锥刺激的目标集中于表征视锥内感知的稳定性和同类视锥之间的一致性。这一步将建立视锥激活和由此产生的感知的参数，并澄清它可能对未来研究施加的任何约束。沿着的方式，我们希望证实或怀疑的假设的后果，不同的锥类社区周围的单一探测锥。在目标3中，我们研究了光适应的机制;它是否发生在一个单一的锥体内？凭借我们卓越的上级图像稳定功能，小而稳定的强烈反射光被传递到圆锥体中心，预计将导致快速的Troxler褪色。一旦褪色，基座可能不会饱和的增量测试响应（如在Westheimer效应），而是在很大程度上像一个恒定的锥选择性韦伯定律行为的均匀场。视锥细胞饱和可能是由眼震颤引起的。拟议的单锥研究将证明AOSLO的能力。未来的研究涉及多个已识别的视锥细胞的同时和独立刺激，将同样容易执行，并能够解决从颜色到空间视觉的研究问题。