Exercise, aging, and cognition: Effect and mechanisms

运动、衰老和认知：效果和机制

基本信息

批准号：
8723714
负责人：
Richard P SLOAN
金额：
$ 96.52万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-15 至 2017-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8723714
关键词：
Aerobic Aerobic Exercise Affect Age Aging Alleles Animals Area Brain Cardiovascular Physiology Cardiovascular system Cerebrovascular Circulation Cognition Cognitive Cognitive aging Controlled Study Core-Binding Factor Early Intervention Elderly Evaluation Exercise Functional Imaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genotype Goals Human IL6 gene Image Individual Intervention Intervention Studies Investigation Lead Longevity Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Mediating Metabolic Participant Pattern Performance Physical activity Population Process Public Health Randomized Reporting Rest Scanning Short-Term Memory Spin Labels Stretching TNF gene Task Performances Testing Training age group age related aged arm cognitive function cognitive reserve computerized conditioning density executive function gray matter improved inflammatory marker insight neural circuit neuroimaging neuromechanism prevent public health relevance relating to nervous system sedentary young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed study is to investigate the cognitive effects of physical activity in two groups - young and older adults - aged 25-40 and 50-65. The great majority of controlled exercise studies in humans have been restricted to elderly individuals, typically age 65 and up. However, earlier intervention may be more beneficial for preventing or slowing age-related changes. Exercise studies in older adults have indicated that enhancing aerobic capacity has a beneficial effect on cognition, particularly executive control processes. However, the specific cognitive domains that are benefited may differ in younger and older individuals, since the most responsive domains in elders are those affected by aging. In the proposed 6-month randomized intervention study, 260 sedentary but otherwise healthy and cognitively intact individuals in these two age groups will be randomized into two treatment arms, aerobic exercise and stretching / toning. The potential effect of exercise on multiple cognitive domains will be examined with standard cognitive evaluations and computerized cognitive tasks. In addition, 3 levels of neuroimaging studies: structural MRI (for gray matter density), resting CBF (arterial spin labeling) and cognitive activation fMRI studies will be conducted at baseline and 6 months. We hypothesize that: 1) in comparison to the stretching / toning condition, aerobic exercise will produce improved performance on measures of cognition; 2) cognitive improvement will be noted regardless of age, although it will be greater in the older group; 3) in both younger and older participants in the aerobic condition, improvement will be more notable for tasks that tap executive control processes, such as set switching and working memory, compared to other cognitive domains; 4) improved in task performance will be accompanied by increased gray matter density, and increased efficiency of brain networks measured in fMRI studies. The proposed analysis of exercise effects at multiple levels will yield important insights onto the neural mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise. Because it may help prevent or delay cognitive aging, the possibility that exercise improves cognition in younger subjects has enormous potential significance for public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究的目的是研究两组体育活动的认知作用 - 年轻和老年人，年龄在25-40和50-65岁之间。在人类中，绝大多数受控运动研究都仅限于年龄在65岁及以上的老年人。但是，较早的干预措施可能更有益于预防或放缓与年龄相关的变化。老年人的运动研究表明，增强有氧运动能力对认知，尤其是执行控制过程具有有益的影响。但是，受益的特定认知领域在年轻人和老年人中可能有所不同，因为长者中最反应迅速的领域是受衰老影响的人。在拟议的6个月随机干预研究中，在这两个年龄段中，有260个久坐但健康和认知完整的个体将被随机分为两个治疗臂，有氧运动和伸展 /调理。锻炼对多个认知领域的潜在影响将通过标准认知评估和计算机认知任务进行检查。此外，三个水平的神经影像学研究：结构性MRI（对于灰质密度），静止的CBF（动脉自旋标记）和认知激活FMRI研究将在基线和6个月进行。我们假设：1）与伸展 /调理条件相比，有氧运动将提高认知度量的表现； 2）无论年龄如何，都会注意到认知改善，尽管在较旧的群体中会更大； 3）在有氧疾病的年轻和年龄较大的参与者中，与其他认知领域相比，在攻击执行控制过程（例如设置切换和工作记忆）的任务中，改进将更加明显； 4）任务性能的提高将伴随着灰质密度的增加，并提高了fMRI研究中测量的大脑网络的效率。提出的对运动效应的分析将产生对运动有益效应的基础神经机制的重要见解。因为这可能有助于预防或延迟认知衰老，所以运动可以改善年轻受试者的认知可能对公共卫生具有巨大的潜在意义。