Exercise, aging, and cognition: Effect and mechanisms

运动、衰老和认知：效果和机制

• 批准号: 7986691
• 负责人: Richard P SLOAN
• 金额: $ 101.7万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7986691
• 关键词: Aerobic; Aerobic Exercise; Affect; Age; Aging; Alleles; Animals; Apolipoprotein E; Area; Brain; Cardiovascular Physiology; Cardiovascular system; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Controlled Study; Core-Binding Factor; Early treatment; Elderly; Evaluation; Exercise; Face; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Genotype; Goals; Human; IL6 gene; Image; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Lead; Longevity; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Physical activity; Population; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Rest; Scanning; Short-Term Memory; Spin Labels; Stretching; Task Performances; Testing; Training; age group; age related; aged; arm; cognitive function; cognitive reserve; computerized; conditioning; density; executive function; gray matter; improved; inflammatory marker; insight; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; sedentary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed study is to investigate the cognitive effects of physical activity in two groups - young and older adults - aged 25-40 and 50-65. The great majority of controlled exercise studies in humans have been restricted to elderly individuals, typically age 65 and up. However, earlier intervention may be more beneficial for preventing or slowing age-related changes. Exercise studies in older adults have indicated that enhancing aerobic capacity has a beneficial effect on cognition, particularly executive control processes. However, the specific cognitive domains that are benefited may differ in younger and older individuals, since the most responsive domains in elders are those affected by aging. In the proposed 6-month randomized intervention study, 260 sedentary but otherwise healthy and cognitively intact individuals in these two age groups will be randomized into two treatment arms, aerobic exercise and stretching / toning. The potential effect of exercise on multiple cognitive domains will be examined with standard cognitive evaluations and computerized cognitive tasks. In addition, 3 levels of neuroimaging studies: structural MRI (for gray matter density), resting CBF (arterial spin labeling) and cognitive activation fMRI studies will be conducted at baseline and 6 months. We hypothesize that: 1) in comparison to the stretching / toning condition, aerobic exercise will produce improved performance on measures of cognition; 2) cognitive improvement will be noted regardless of age, although it will be greater in the older group; 3) in both younger and older participants in the aerobic condition, improvement will be more notable for tasks that tap executive control processes, such as set switching and working memory, compared to other cognitive domains; 4) improved in task performance will be accompanied by increased gray matter density, and increased efficiency of brain networks measured in fMRI studies. The proposed analysis of exercise effects at multiple levels will yield important insights onto the neural mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise. Because it may help prevent or delay cognitive aging, the possibility that exercise improves cognition in younger subjects has enormous potential significance for public health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Evidence from animal and human studies strongly suggests that aerobic exercise has a beneficial effect on cognition, but controlled studies have been restricted to elderly individuals. The goal of the proposed study is to extend the investigation of the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise to younger individuals, aged 25-40 and 50-65. Earlier intervention may be more beneficial for preventing, as opposed to reversing, age related changes. Therefore, the possibility that exercise improves cognition in younger subjects has enormous potential significance for public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目标是调查身体活动对两组（25-40 岁和 50-65 岁的年轻人和老年人）的认知影响。绝大多数人类对照运动研究仅限于老年人，通常是 65 岁及以上。然而，早期干预可能更有利于预防或减缓与年龄相关的变化。对老年人的运动研究表明，增强有氧能力对认知，特别是执行控制过程有有益的影响。然而，受益的特定认知领域在年轻人和老年人中可能有所不同，因为老年人中最敏感的领域是受衰老影响的领域。在拟议的为期 6 个月的随机干预研究中，这两个年龄组的 260 名久坐但其他方面健康且认知能力完整的个体将被随机分为两个治疗组：有氧运动和伸展/塑身。将通过标准认知评估和计算机化认知任务来检查运动对多个认知领域的潜在影响。此外，还将在基线和 6 个月时进行 3 个级别的神经影像学研究：结构 MRI（灰质密度）、静息 CBF（动脉自旋标记）和认知激活 fMRI 研究。我们假设：1）与拉伸/塑身条件相比，有氧运动将改善认知测量的表现； 2）无论年龄大小，认知能力都会得到改善，尽管年龄较大的组中认知能力的改善会更大； 3）与其他认知领域相比，在有氧条件下的年轻和年长参与者中，利用执行控制过程的任务（例如设定切换和工作记忆）的改善将更为显着； 4）任务表现的提高将伴随着灰质密度的增加以及功能磁共振成像研究中测量的大脑网络效率的提高。所提出的多层次运动效果分析将对运动有益效果背后的神经机制产生重要的见解。因为它可能有助于预防或延缓认知衰老，所以运动改善年轻受试者认知的可能性对公共健康具有巨大的潜在意义。 公共健康相关性：来自动物和人类研究的证据强烈表明，有氧运动对认知有有益影响，但对照研究仅限于老年人。拟议研究的目标是将有氧运动有益效果的调查范围扩大到 25-40 岁和 50-65 岁的年轻人。与逆转年龄相关的变化相比，早期干预可能更有益于预防。因此，运动改善年轻受试者认知能力的可能性对公共健康具有巨大的潜在意义。