Spatiotemporal investigations of parietal cortex contributions to episodic memory

顶叶皮层对情景记忆贡献的时空研究

• 批准号: 8678531
• 负责人: Brett Foster
• 金额: $ 8.9万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8678531
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Adaptive Behaviors; Anatomy; Behavior; Brain; Brain imaging; Cognitive; Conscious; Coupling; Cues; Data; Data Storage and Retrieval; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation of the Brain; Electrocorticogram; Electrophysiology (science); Episodic memory; Event; Evoked Potentials; Faculty; Fractionation; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Human; Human Activities; Investigation; Lateral; Lobule; Location; Major Depressive Disorder; Maps; Measurement; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Mentors; Mentorship; Multivariate Analysis; Neurocognitive; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Performance; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Reaction Time; Research; Rest; Retrieval; Schizophrenia; Series; Services; Staging; Structure; Surface; Task Performances; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Time; Training; Universities; Visual; Work; adjudicate; angular gyrus; base; experience; human subject; improved; induced pluripotent stem cell; intraparietal sulcus; memory retrieval; neural patterning; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; programs; psychological distress; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; skills; spatiotemporal; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Episodic memory is the conscious memory for previously experienced events. The ability to recollect past events and personal experiences is a fundamental faculty for adaptive behavior. Functional brain imaging studies have shown that, in addition to previously identified structures in the medial temporal lobe, a consistent set of distributed cortical regions are also engaged during episodic memory retrieval. Most prominent among this network has been the lateral and medial parietal cortex. However, despite strong evidence of parietal engagement during episodic retrieval, it is not clear what computations parietal subregions perform in the service of retrieval or what mechanisms mediate this contribution. The current application takes a multimodal approach to studying the spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity in the human lateral and medial parietal cortex during episodic retrieval. We will combine neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging: fMRI), electrophysiology (electrocorticography: ECoG) and stimulation (electrical brain stimulation: EBS) techniques within the same subjects, and will submit the resulting data to advanced multivariate analyses. Specifically, we will localize functional-anatomic parietal subregions with fMRI, and in the same subjects, quantify the temporal dynamics within and between these parietal subregions using ECoG. Finally, we will use targeted EBS to causally interrogate the contributions of these regions to memory behavior. This multimodal strategy provides an optimal approach for functionally dissociating parietal subregions and subsequently revealing the precise temporal sequence of neural events underlying retrieval-based activation patterns in human parietal cortex. To achieve these research aims, the candidate will pursue a series of training aims under the mentorship of Dr. Anthony Wagner (Stanford University), specifically focused on the use of fMRI to study the neural mechanisms of memory retrieval. Training will focus on developing expertise in experimental paradigms for probing episodic memory with fMRI, and in the advanced analysis of fMRI data with multivariate techniques. Combining these skills with the candidate's previous work on the cognitive electrophysiology (ECoG) of medial parietal cortex, along with ongoing mentoring from the candidate's current advisor Dr. Josef Parvizi (co-mentor; Stanford University), will provide a strong methodological and analytical basis for developing an independent research program focused on studying the neurocognitive networks of episodic memory. The multimodal approach of this application will provide important new leverage on the parietal circuits involved in episodic retrieval. Such circuits lie at the core of many mental health disorders, where excessive and vivid rumination of past events or the distorted recollection of past events contributes to psychological distress, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder or schizophrenia, respectively.

描述（由申请人提供）：情景记忆是对先前经历过的事件的有意识记忆。回忆过去的事件和个人经历的能力是适应性行为的基本能力。功能性脑成像研究表明，除了先前确定的内侧颞叶结构外，在情景记忆检索过程中还涉及一组一致的分布式皮质区域。该网络中最突出的是外侧和内侧顶叶皮层。然而，尽管有强有力的证据表明顶叶在情景检索期间参与，但尚不清楚顶叶子区域在检索服务中执行哪些计算或介导这种贡献的机制。 当前的应用程序采用多模态方法来研究情景检索期间人类外侧和内侧顶叶皮层神经活动的空间和时间模式。我们将在同一受试者中结合神经影像学（功能性磁共振成像：fMRI）、电生理学（皮质电图：ECoG）和刺激（脑电刺激：EBS）技术，并将所得数据提交给高级多变量分析。具体来说，我们将使用 fMRI 定位功能解剖顶叶分区，并在同一受试者中使用 ECoG 量化这些顶叶分区内部和之间的时间动态。最后，我们将使用有针对性的 EBS 来因果性地询问这些区域对记忆行为的贡献。这种多模态策略提供了一种最佳方法，用于功能性分离顶叶子区域，并随后揭示人类顶叶皮层中基于检索的激活模式的神经事件的精确时间序列。 为了实现这些研究目标，候选人将在 Anthony Wagner 博士（斯坦福大学）的指导下追求一系列培训目标，特别侧重于使用功能磁共振成像来研究记忆检索的神经机制。培训将侧重于发展使用功能磁共振成像探测情景记忆的实验范例以及使用多变量技术对功能磁共振成像数据进行高级分析的专业知识。将这些技能与候选人之前在内侧顶叶皮质认知电生理学 (ECoG) 方面的工作相结合，以及候选人现任顾问 Josef Parvizi 博士（联合导师；斯坦福大学）的持续指导，将为开发专注于研究情景记忆的神经认知网络的独立研究项目提供强有力的方法和分析基础。 该应用的多模态方法将为情景检索中涉及的顶叶回路提供重要的新杠杆。这种回路是许多精神健康疾病的核心，对过去事件的过度和生动的反思或对过去事件的扭曲回忆会导致心理困扰，例如创伤后应激障碍、重度抑郁症、广泛性焦虑症或精神分裂症。