Regulation of juvenile hormone titers in mosquitoes

蚊子保幼激素滴度的调节

• 批准号: 8982645
• 负责人: Fernando Gabriel. Noriega
• 金额: $ 50.58万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8982645
• 关键词: Adult; Aedes; Allatostatin; Area; Basic Science; Biology; Blood; Brain; Cells; Chemicals; Corpora Allata; Culicidae; Dengue; Developing Countries; Development; Ecdysterone; Endocrine Glands; Enzymes; Event; Experimental Models; Female; Funding; Genomics; Goals; Hemolymph; Hormonal; Hormones; Incidence; Insect Control; Insecta; Insecticides; Insulin; Juvenile Hormones; Link; Malaria; Modeling; Molecular; Molting; Morbidity - disease rate; Mosquito Control; Mosquito-borne infectious disease; Neuropeptides; Nutrient; Nutritional; Nutritional status; Ovarian; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Parasitic Diseases; Physiological; Public Health; Pupa; Regulation; Reproduction; Reproductive Physiology; Reproductive Process; Research; Resistance; Role; Signal Transduction; Staging; Work; allatotropin; base; chikungunya; critical period; design; disorder control; feeding; mortality; novel strategies; programs; public health relevance; receptor; reproductive; research study; sugar; vector control

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mosquito-transmitted parasitic diseases are among the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Recent dramatic increases in the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases, like Malaria, Chikungunya and Dengue Fever, and the wide-spread resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides underscores the need for new approaches for insect control based on mosquito-specific agents. The discovery of such mosquito-specific control agents depends on continued basic research on the biology of mosquitoes. Juvenile hormone (JH) is a major hormonal regulator in insects. In the female mosquito, JH signals the completion of the ecdysis to the adult stage, and initiates reproductive processes. JH titer is essentially determined by the rate at which the corpora allata (CA) synthesizes JH. Our research, using an integrative approach that combines experiments at the organismal, cellular and molecular level, is revealing that mosquito regulation of JH synthesis has unique features that are related to the adaptation to blood-feeding and the cyclic regulation of ovarian development. We have described that the CA of the female mosquito alternates between periods of high and low biosynthetic activity that are linked to developmental programs and nutritional signals. We have identified neuropeptides that stimulate or inhibit JH synthesis and have characterized their receptors. We have performed the first genomic analysis of an insect endocrine gland and studied the expression of all the JH biosynthetic enzymes. We have also described that nutrients accumulated during the larval stages regulate CA activity and developed a unique model of nutritionally deficient mosquitoes that do not synthesize JH. The goal of this project is to understand the role and mechanism of action of the different factors tha control CA activity (allato-regulatory factors). We also seek to identify the rate limiting steps ad regulatory points of JH synthesis. To accomplish these goals, we will focus on three key stages: 1) The developmentally- and nutritionally-dependent activation of JH synthesis in the CA of newly eclosed adult females, 2) The nutritionally-dependent modulation of JH synthesis in mature sugar-fed females and 3) The suppression and reactivation of JH synthesis after blood-feeding. These three stages are critical moments in the reproductive maturation of mosquitoes and make excellent experimental models that are also relevant for disease control. These areas of research should identify targets for designing new, specific and affordable chemical strategies suitable for mosquito control in developing countries.

 描述（由申请人提供）：蚊子传播的寄生虫病是世界上死亡和发病的主要原因。最近蚊子传播的疾病，如疟疾，基孔肯雅热和登革热的发病率急剧增加，以及蚊子对杀虫剂的广泛耐药性，强调了对基于蚊子特异性试剂的昆虫控制新方法的需要。这种蚊子特异性控制剂的发现取决于对蚊子生物学的持续基础研究。保幼激素（JH）是昆虫体内主要的激素调节剂。在雌性蚊子中，JH发出完成蜕皮到成虫阶段的信号，并启动生殖过程。JH滴度基本上由咽侧体（CA）合成JH的速率决定。我们的研究采用了一种综合方法，结合了生物体，细胞和分子水平的实验，揭示了蚊子对JH合成的调节具有独特的特征，这些特征与适应吸血和卵巢发育的周期性调节有关。我们已经描述了雌蚊的CA在与发育程序和营养信号相关的高和低生物合成活性时期之间交替。我们已经确定了刺激或抑制JH合成的神经肽，并确定了其受体的特征。我们已经进行了第一次昆虫内分泌腺的基因组分析，并研究了所有的JH生物合成酶的表达。我们还描述了在幼虫阶段积累的营养物质调节CA活性，并开发了一个独特的模型，营养缺乏的蚊子不合成JH。本项目的目标是了解控制CA活性的不同因子（allato-regulatory factors）的作用和作用机制。我们还试图确定的速率限制步骤和调节点的JH合成。为了实现这些目标，我们将集中在三个关键阶段：1）发育和营养依赖性激活的JH合成在CA的新羽化的成年女性，2）营养依赖性调制的JH合成在成熟的糖喂养的女性和3）抑制和重新激活的JH合成后的血液喂养。这三个阶段是蚊子生殖成熟的关键时刻，也是与疾病控制相关的优秀实验模型。这些研究领域应确定目标，以设计适合发展中国家控制蚊子的新的、具体的和负担得起的化学战略。