Variability of mortality levels and trends by state in the United States

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是促进对历史趋势的研究，特别是自20世纪30年代以来美国死亡率的州际差异。为此，我们将按州构建一个可公开访问的死亡率数据系列，旨在满足团队成员和合作者以及更大的学术界的研究需求。新的数据系列将包括总死亡率（即所有死因）和特定死因死亡率的指标。我们将按年龄、性别和年份对1933年至2007年期间的各州全因死亡率进行估计。我们还将创建1959-2007年（可能还包括1950-1958年）按年龄、性别和死因分列的各州年度死亡率估计数。所有数据系列将采用人类死亡率数据库（HMD, www.mortality.org）中用于国家估计数的相同格式，有助于促进美国国内和国际一级的比较研究。这项工作将利用各种来源的数据，包括生命登记系统、十年一次的人口普查以及社会保障和医疗保险的受益人记录。这将需要发展新的方法，将这些资料合并成连贯和可比较的一系列死亡率估计数，包括完整的生命表。我们对数据源的了解，包括其缺陷和局限性，将与HMD内的数据一起清晰地记录和分发。该项目旨在促进对美国各州死亡率模式和趋势的研究。各州的具体死亡率数据对分析健康差异本质上是有用的，因为地理差异是面对死亡的总体不平等的一个重要组成部分。这里提出的工作成果将有助于更详细地分析美国境内的地区死亡率差异，这可能为近几十年来该国死亡率趋势背后的驱动力提供新的见解和证据——特别是与其他高收入国家相比，下降速度缓慢，尤其是对女性而言。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of the project is to promote research on historical trends and, in particular, interstate variations in the mortality of the United States since the 1930s. To this end, we will construct a publicly-accessible collection of mortality data series by state, designed to meet the research needs of team members and collaborators as well as those of the greater academic community. The new data series will include indicators of both total (i.e., all causes of death) and cause-specific mortality. We will create state-level estimates of all-cause mortality by age, sex, and year for the period from 1933 to 2007. We will also create annual state-specific estimates of mortality by age, sex, and cause of death for 1959-2007 (possibly, 1950-1958 as well). All data series will have the same format used for country estimates in the Human Mortality Database (HMD, www.mortality.org), helping to facilitate comparative research both within the United States and on an international level. This work will draw on data from various sources, including the vital registration system, the decennial census, and the beneficiary records of Social Security and Medicare. It will require the development of new methodologies for combining such information into coherent and comparable series of mortality estimates, including complete life tables. Our knowledge of the data sources, including their defects and limitations, will be clearly documented and distributed alongside the data within the HMD. The project is intended to catalyze research on mortality patterns and trends by state within the U.S. State-specific mortality data are intrinsically useful for the analysis of health disparities, since geographic differences are an important component of overall inequality in the face of death. The products of the work proposed here will facilitate more detailed analyses of regional mortality differentials by cause within the U.S., which could offer new insights and evidence about the driving forces behind the country's mortality trends in recent decades - in particular the slow pace of decline compared to other high-income nations, especially for women.