Pre- & Post-natal Exposure to Fragmented Maternal Signs: Infancy to Adolescence

早年生活中的逆境是认知功能障碍和精神病理的危险因素。修订后的 项目3被项目1的发现所告知，在啮齿动物中，母亲的早期生命支离破碎的模式 关怀会在青春期引发情感和认知上的脆弱性。该项目将测试特定的 关于产前和出生后早期母体信号如何相互作用影响患高血压风险的假说 认知和情感上的脆弱性。暴露在支离破碎的环境中的长期后果 /胎儿和婴儿时期不可预测的母体信号将以预期的方式测试 两个队列的纵向调查，从妊娠早期开始跟踪，并在 婴儿期/蹒跚学步(新队列；N=200)和儿童/青春期(现有队列；N=150)。母性 在与孩子互动的背景下，行为将被实时观察，并受到两个线性 以及用于描述碎片化和不可预测性的非线性分析。儿童和青少年 行为将使用标准化的实验室测量方法进行评估，以指示精神疾病的前驱风险 生病了。项目3将与项目2密切互动，以创建情感和认知的轨迹 漏洞。在Project 4中，行为和成像任务将集成在一起，以构建 行为特征和大脑网络特征。我们将确定：1)早期生活是否暴露于支离破碎和 不可预测的母体信号与认知和情绪的脆弱性有关；2) 决定以后心理健康的产前和出生后早期环境(项目2)； 对支离破碎/不可预测的产妇护理的反应中的性别差异是否有助于区分性别 易患精神障碍；以及4)早年暴露于 支离破碎/不可预测的产妇保健(产前和产后)的结构和网络功能-- 特定的大脑区域(项目4)。这个项目包含了一个独特的机会来调查早期的 精神疾病的起源。对胎儿和婴儿时期的联合考虑将导致不同的和 更广泛地理解早期经验在决定认知和情绪方面所起的作用 漏洞，而不是孤立地评估这两个时期中的任何一个。此外，协调 项目3和该中心的其他项目之间的关系将通过以下方式提供对机制的新见解 早期的经历对认知和情感的脆弱性产生了持久的影响。

Exposure to early life adversity is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and psychopathology. The revised Project 3 is informed by discoveries of Project 1 that, in rodents, early-life fragmented patterns of maternal care provokes emotional and cognitive vulnerabilities in adolescence. The Project will test specific hypotheses about how prenatal and early postnatal maternal signals interact to influence the risk for cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities. The long term consequences of exposure to fragmented /unpredictable maternal signals during the fetal and infant periods will be tested with a prospective longitudinal investigation of two cohorts followed from early in gestation and assessed during infancy/toddlerhood (new cohort; N=200) and childhood/adolescence (existing cohort; N=150). Maternal behavior will be observed in real time in the context of interactions with her child and subjected to both linear and nonlinear analyses for the characterization of fragmentation and unpredictability. Child and adolescent behaviors will be evaluated using standardized laboratory measures of indicative of prodromal risk for mental illness. Project 3 will interact closely with Project 2 to create trajectories of emotional and cognitive vulnerabilities. With Project 4 behavioral and imaging tasks will be integrated to construct a matrix of behavioral and brain-network profiles. We will determine: 1) Whether early life exposure to fragmented and unpredictable maternal signals is associated with cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities; 2) The joint role of the prenatal and early postnatal environments for determining later mental health (with Project 2); 3) Whether sex differences in responses to fragmented/unpredictable maternal care contribute to sex specific vulnerabilities to psychiatric disorders; and 4) Consequences of early life exposure to fragmented/unpredictable maternal care (both pre and postnatal) for the structure and network-function of specific brain regions (with Project 4). This project comprises a unique opportunity to investigate the early origins of mental illness. The joint consideration of both fetal and infant periods will lead to a different and broader understanding of the role that early experiences play in determining cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities in contrast to the evaluation of either of these periods in isolation. Further, the coordination between Project 3 and the other projects in this Center will provide new insight into the mechanisms by which early experiences exert lasting effects on cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities.