Pre- & Post-natal Exposure to Fragmented Maternal Signs: Infancy to Adolescence

暴露于早期生活逆境是认知功能障碍和精神病理学的危险因素。订正 项目3是由项目1的发现告知，在啮齿动物中，早期生活的母亲分裂模式， 照料引起青春期的情感和认知脆弱性。该项目将测试具体 关于产前和产后早期母体信号如何相互作用以影响以下风险的假设： 认知和情感上的弱点暴露于碎片化环境的长期后果 /胎儿和婴儿时期不可预测的母体信号将用前瞻性 两个队列的纵向研究从妊娠早期开始， 婴儿期/幼儿期（新队列; N=200）和儿童期/青春期（现有队列; N=150）。产妇 行为将被观察到在真实的时间的背景下与她的孩子的互动，并受到两个线性 和非线性分析的特点，破碎和不可预测性。儿童和青少年 行为将使用指示精神疾病前驱风险的标准化实验室指标进行评估。 病项目3将与项目2密切互动，以创建情感和认知的轨迹 漏洞在项目4中，行为和成像任务将被整合，以构建一个矩阵， 行为和大脑网络的特征我们将确定：1）早期生活是否暴露于碎片和碎片， 不可预测的母性信号与认知和情感脆弱性有关; 2） 产前和产后早期环境，以确定以后的心理健康（项目2）; 3） 对分散/不可预测的孕产妇护理反应的性别差异是否有助于性别特异性 易患精神疾病;以及4）早年接触精神疾病的后果。 产妇护理（产前和产后）的结构和网络功能支离破碎/不可预测， 特定的大脑区域（与项目4）。该项目包括一个独特的机会，调查早期 精神疾病的起源胎儿期和婴儿期的共同考虑将导致一个不同的， 更广泛地理解早期经历在决定认知和情感方面的作用 与孤立地评价其中任何一个时期相比，此外，协调 项目3和该中心其他项目之间的联系将提供对机制的新见解， 早期经历对认知和情感脆弱性产生持久影响。

Exposure to early life adversity is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and psychopathology. The revised Project 3 is informed by discoveries of Project 1 that, in rodents, early-life fragmented patterns of maternal care provokes emotional and cognitive vulnerabilities in adolescence. The Project will test specific hypotheses about how prenatal and early postnatal maternal signals interact to influence the risk for cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities. The long term consequences of exposure to fragmented /unpredictable maternal signals during the fetal and infant periods will be tested with a prospective longitudinal investigation of two cohorts followed from early in gestation and assessed during infancy/toddlerhood (new cohort; N=200) and childhood/adolescence (existing cohort; N=150). Maternal behavior will be observed in real time in the context of interactions with her child and subjected to both linear and nonlinear analyses for the characterization of fragmentation and unpredictability. Child and adolescent behaviors will be evaluated using standardized laboratory measures of indicative of prodromal risk for mental illness. Project 3 will interact closely with Project 2 to create trajectories of emotional and cognitive vulnerabilities. With Project 4 behavioral and imaging tasks will be integrated to construct a matrix of behavioral and brain-network profiles. We will determine: 1) Whether early life exposure to fragmented and unpredictable maternal signals is associated with cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities; 2) The joint role of the prenatal and early postnatal environments for determining later mental health (with Project 2); 3) Whether sex differences in responses to fragmented/unpredictable maternal care contribute to sex specific vulnerabilities to psychiatric disorders; and 4) Consequences of early life exposure to fragmented/unpredictable maternal care (both pre and postnatal) for the structure and network-function of specific brain regions (with Project 4). This project comprises a unique opportunity to investigate the early origins of mental illness. The joint consideration of both fetal and infant periods will lead to a different and broader understanding of the role that early experiences play in determining cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities in contrast to the evaluation of either of these periods in isolation. Further, the coordination between Project 3 and the other projects in this Center will provide new insight into the mechanisms by which early experiences exert lasting effects on cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities.