The Development and Validation of an Observational Coding System for Real-Time Parent-Adolescent Mentalizing

项目概要/摘要 心理化，或将心理状态归因于自我和他人并理解这些如何影响的能力 行为，形成了人类建立和维持彼此关系的能力的基础。因此它 是RDoC的社会过程系统的一个关键结构。心理缺陷可以分为 高心智化、低心智化或无心智化，并在一系列病理学中发现， 社会心理功能差。青少年时期是心理化研究的关键时期 青少年社会大脑的巨大变化与社会重新定位相一致。青春期也是 以精神疾病的高峰发作为特征，并且心智化缺陷已被证明可以解释 与这些疾病有关的人际关系问题。尽管心理化对青少年的重要性 心理健康，现有的工具评估心理化作为一个单一的个人，依赖停滞的财产， 大多是在非自我参照的刺激或假设的情况下。此外，现有的工具无法考虑到 解释了心理化的发展起源，即基于亲子关系的心理化。 本研究提案通过开发（目标1）和评估（目标2）一种工具来解决这一差距，该工具可以 测量在父母与青少年的实时互动中发生的心理化。为了实现目标1，我们将 使用档案数据的父母，青少年的二元参与冲突的讨论范式，并遵循 Bakeman和Gottman（1997）的方法，观察编码系统的发展，以开发一个编码 手册.使用存档视频，将评估可靠性和表面有效性。对于目标2，我们将测试 编码系统与现有的心理化、关系质量和边缘性人格的衡量标准相对照 这种疾病出现在青春期，已被证明是精神病理学的一个测试案例， 心理化就会出错通过创建第一个实时心理化的观察措施， 父母与青少年的关系，拟议的研究承诺，以操作一个重要的RDOC结构 供其他科学家和临床医生使用。这与美国国家心理健康研究所（NIMH）的研究结果一致。 使命是通过识别具有高预测性的行为指标， 在疾病中的价值。开展研究会增加我们对心理化的理解， 通过引入更生态的方法，支持整个生命周期的健康发展 有效的评估。总之，该项目的授予和完成不仅将支持实质性的 培训研究方法和传播给一个有前途的年轻研究人员，但将解决一个重大的 需要改进对青少年心理化的评估，为未来的研究和干预提供信息。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Mentalizing, or the ability to attribute mental states to the self and others and to understand how these affect behavior, forms the basis of humans' capacity to build and maintain relationships with one another. As such, it is a key construct of RDoC's Systems for Social Processes. Mentalizing deficits can be categorized as hypermentalizing, hypomentalizing, or no mentalizing and are found in a range of pathology, contributing to poor psychosocial functioning. Adolescence is a key developmental period in the study of mentalizing given dramatic changes in the adolescent social brain that coincide with social reorientation. Adolescence is also characterized by peak onset for psychiatric disorders, and mentalizing deficits have been shown to explain the interpersonal problems associated with these disorders. Despite the importance of mentalizing for adolescent mental health, existing tools assess mentalizing as a stagnant property of a single individual, relying mostly on non-self-referential stimuli or hypothetical scenarios. Further, existing tools fail to take into account the developmental origins of mentalizing, which are based in the parent-child relationship. This research proposal addresses this gap by developing (Aim 1) and evaluating (Aim 2) a tool that can measure mentalizing as it occurs during a real-time parent-adolescent interaction. To address Aim 1, we will use archival data of parent-adolescent dyads participating in a conflict-discussion paradigm and follow Bakeman and Gottman's (1997) approach to observational coding system development to develop a coding manual. With archived videos, reliability and face validity will be evaluated. For Aim 2, we will test the validity of the coding system against existing measures of mentalizing, relationship quality, and borderline personality disorder, which emerges in adolescence and has been shown to be a test case of psychopathology where mentalizing goes awry. By creating the first observational measure of real-time mentalizing based in the parent-adolescent relationship, the proposed research promises to operationalize an important RDoC construct for use by other scientists and clinicians. This is in line with the National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) mission to transform the understanding of mental illness by identifying behavioral indicators with high predictive value across disorders. Carrying out the fellowship research will increase our understanding of mentalizing, a process that supports healthy development across the lifespan with the introduction of a more ecologically valid assessment. In conclusion, the award and completion of this project will not only support substantial training in research methods and dissemination to a promising young researcher, but will address a significant need for improved assessment of adolescent mentalizing to inform future research and intervention.