Project 4: Comprehension of Health Risks in More and Less Arousing Affe

项目四：在或多或少引发的情感中理解健康风险

• 批准号: 9333249
• 负责人: Peter G. Shields
• 金额: $ 32.38万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9333249
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Affective; American; Arousal; Automobile Driving; Cigarette; Comprehension; Cues; Effectiveness; Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Frequencies; Health; Image; Individual; Intervention; Label; Link; Litigation; Marketing; Memory; Participant; Perception; Play; Process; Public Health Education; Randomized; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative Risks; Research; Research Priority; Risk; Role; Rural; Short-Term Memory; Smoke; Smokeless Tobacco; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; Testing; Text; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco use; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; authority; base; court; design; experimental study; high risk; improved; interest; long term memory; mortality; negative affect; novel; primary outcome; psychologic; risk perception; rural area; secondary outcome; tobacco regulatory science; urban area

Abstract Tobacco use remains the largest preventable source of mortality in the United States. This application responds td the "Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act," which gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority over the manufacture and marketing of many tobacco products. Public perceptions and understanding of tobacco's health consequences are central responsibilities of FDA's regulatory authority over public-health education efforts, including the regulation of graphic warnings, advertising, and new product/Modified Risk Tobacco Product determinations. Project 4 aims to study psychological mechanisms that influence the public's perceptions of tobacco products because of the central role they play in influencing quit intentions and usage. In particular, we focus on the role of affective arousal in making warnings on cigarette packs more effective, while at the same time, its role in brand advertising and promotion may make tobacco products appear less risky. Affective arousal is important because its presence has been linked with improved long-term memory and understanding of information. By experimentally manipulating affectively arousing cues (graphic images and smoking cues), this research has three aims designed to identify ways to maximize long-term effectiveness of health information. In Aim 1, we will experimentally test effects of graphic images (that vary in arousal) on understanding of text-based smoking-risk information short- and long-term. To fulfill this aim, we propose to randomize 136 adult and 136 adolescent smokers to an image condition that varies in arousal (no image, low, medium, or high arousal) and to a time point (immediate, one week, or six weeks) to test risk understanding, perceptions, arid use. We predict that more arousing images will produce greater long-term understanding. Aim 2 uses a similar design and examines arousal effects on long-term understanding of numerical health risks. We hypothesize that numerical information will be better understood over time in the presence of more arousing warning images and among individuals with greater numeric ability. In Aim 2a, we test absolute and relative risks with 154 adult arid 154 adolescent smokers whereas Aim 2b includes 154 adult smokers and examines percentage vs. frequency formats. Finally, for Aim 3, we will experimentally test the presence vs. absence of pro-tobacco smoking cues to examine effects on understanding of health risks at exposure and one and six weeks with adult (N=154) and adolescent (N=154) smokers. We hypothesize that the presence of smoking cues will have opposite effects of warning images, increasing perceptions that smoking is less risky.

抽象的 烟草使用仍然是美国最大的可预防死亡来源。此应用程序响应 td 《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》，该法赋予食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 对许多烟草产品的制造和营销的监管机构。公众看法 和了解烟草对健康的影响是 FDA 监管部门的核心职责 对公共卫生教育工作的权威，包括图形警告、广告和广告的监管 新产品/降低风险烟草产品的确定。项目4旨在研究心理机制 影响公众对烟草产品的看法，因为它们在影响公众的方面发挥着核心作用 戒烟意图和用法。我们特别关注情感唤起在发出警告方面的作用 香烟包装更有效，同时，其在品牌广告和促销中的作用可能使 烟草制品的风险似乎较小。情感唤醒很重要，因为它的存在与 改善长期记忆和信息理解。通过实验性地操纵情感 这项研究有三个目的，旨在找出激发线索（图形图像和吸烟线索）的方法 最大限度地提高健康信息的长期有效性。在目标1中，我们将实验测试图形的效果 关于理解基于文本的短期和长期吸烟风险信息的图像（唤醒程度不同）。到 为了实现这一目标，我们建议将 136 名成年吸烟者和 136 名青少年吸烟者随机分配到不同的图像条件 唤醒程度（无图像、低、中或高唤醒）和时间点（立即、一周或六 周）来测试风险理解、认知和使用。我们预计将会产生更多令人兴奋的图像 更长远的了解。目标 2 使用类似的设计并检查唤醒对长期理解的影响 健康风险的数字。我们假设数字信息将被更好地理解 随着时间的推移，在出现更令人兴奋的警告图像以及具有更强计算能力的个体时。 在目标 2a 中，我们测试了 154 名成人和 154 名青少年吸烟者的绝对和相对风险，而目标 2b 包括 154 名成年吸烟者并检查百分比与频率格式。最后，对于目标 3，我们将通过实验 测试促吸烟线索的存在与否，以检查对理解的影响 成人 (N=154) 和青少年 (N=154) 吸烟者暴露时以及一周和六周时的健康风险。我们假设 吸烟提示的存在会产生与警告图像相反的效果，增加认知 吸烟的风险较小。