Using Neuroeconomics to Understand Alcohol Overvaluation in Alcohol Use Disorder

项目摘要/摘要 神经经济学的新领域融合了心理学、经济学和 认知神经科学了解决策的神经生物学基础，并一直 越来越多地应用于了解酒精使用障碍(AUD)。神经经济学的一个新焦点是酒精 需求，或以成本效益偏好衡量的酒精价值。在行为上，酒精需求有 在酒精滥用程度较高的人中被发现升高，并预测治疗 回应。此外，酒精需求也可以通过急性应激而动态增加。这些发现是 与理论观点一致的，既强调稳定的补气，也强调急性期的 动力。提议的研究的总体目标是描述有助于这些的神经活动的特征。 使用一种新的功能磁共振成像范例确定了行为发现。第一个目标是 与对照组相比，研究AUD患者的大脑如何代表酒精的价值。 为此，第一项研究将使用受试者之间的病例对照设计来确定神经活动的差异 与饮酒者相比，AUD患者(即病例)的酒精需求增加 定期，但没有AUD，并在关键变量(即，控制)上匹配。第二个目标是 研究与压力导致的酒精价值增加相关的神经活动的变化。去做 因此，第二项研究将使用受试者内部设计，比较与需求相关的神经活动 AUD患者应激诱导后对神经活动的中性诱导。第三个目标是 研究酒精需求决策过程中的神经活动模式与 干预反应。为此，研究1和研究2中所有患有AUD的参与者都将获得激励 增强疗法，一种先前验证的四个疗程的手动动机访谈干预， 酒精需求范例中的神经活动将被用来预测1个月后的后续饮酒 6个月随访。总的来说，这些目标将系统地应用一种新的神经经济学方法来 从神经活动的基本差异到预测因素，AUD在翻译光谱中的不同方面 干预反应的一部分。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The novel field of neuroeconomics integrates concepts and methods from psychology, economics, and cognitive neuroscience to understand the neurobiological foundations of decision making, and has been increasingly applied to understanding alcohol use disorder (AUD). A novel focus in neuroeconomics is alcohol demand, or the value of alcohol as measured by cost-benefit preferences. Behaviorally, alcohol demand has been found to be elevated among individuals with higher levels of alcohol misuse and to predict treatment response. In addition, alcohol demand can also be dynamically increased via acute stress. These findings are consistent with theoretical perspectives that emphasize both stable tonic and acute phasic aspects of motivation. The overall goal of the proposed studies is to characterize the neural activity that subserves these established behavioral findings using a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. The first aim is to examine how the brain represents the value of alcohol in individuals with AUD compared to a control group. To do so, the first study will use a between-subjects case-control design to identify differences in neural activity associated with elevations in alcohol demand in individuals with AUD (i.e., cases) versus individuals who drink regularly but do not have an AUD and are matched on key variables (i.e., controls). The second aim is to investigate the changes in neural activity associated with stress-elicited increases in the value of alcohol. To do so, a second study will use a within-subjects design, comparing demand-associated neural activity following a neutral induction to neural activity following a stress induction in individuals with AUD. The third aim is to investigate the relationship between patterns of neural activity during alcohol demand decision making and intervention response. To do so, all participants with AUD in Study #1 and Study #2 will receive Motivational Enhancement Therapy, a previously validated four-session manualized motivational interviewing intervention, and neural activity during the alcohol demand paradigm will be used to predict subsequent drinking at 1-month and 6-month follow-up. Collectively, these aims will systematically apply a novel neuroeconomic approach to diverse aspects of AUD across the translational spectrum, from basic differences in neural activity to predictors of intervention response.