Using Neuroeconomics to Understand Alcohol Overvaluation in Alcohol Use Disorder

项目总结/摘要 神经经济学的新领域整合了心理学，经济学和心理学的概念和方法。 认知神经科学，以了解决策的神经生物学基础，并已 越来越多地应用于理解酒精使用障碍（AUD）。神经经济学的一个新焦点是酒精 需求，或以成本效益偏好衡量的酒精价值。从行为上看，酒精需求 在酒精滥用水平较高的个体中， 反应此外，酒精需求也可以通过急性压力动态增加。这些发现 与强调稳定的紧张性和急性阶段性方面的理论观点一致， 动机拟议研究的总体目标是描述有助于这些研究的神经活动。 使用新的功能性磁共振成像范例建立行为发现。第一个目标是 研究与对照组相比，AUD患者的大脑如何代表酒精的价值。 为此，第一项研究将采用受试者间病例对照设计，以确定神经活动的差异 与AUD个体的酒精需求升高相关（即，例）与饮酒者相比 定期但没有AUD并且在关键变量上匹配（即，对照）。第二个目标是 研究与压力引起的酒精值增加相关的神经活动变化。做 因此，第二项研究将使用受试者内设计，比较在一次实验后与需求相关的神经活动。 在AUD个体中，应激诱导后中性诱导神经活动。第三个目标是 研究酒精需求决策过程中神经活动模式与 干预反应。为此，研究#1和研究#2中的所有AUD受试者将获得激励性 增强疗法，一种先前经过验证的四次会议手动动机访谈干预， 和神经活动在酒精需求范式将被用来预测随后的饮酒在1个月 6个月随访。总的来说，这些目标将系统地应用一种新的神经经济学方法， 从神经活动的基本差异到预测因素，AUD在翻译谱中的各个方面 的干预反应。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The novel field of neuroeconomics integrates concepts and methods from psychology, economics, and cognitive neuroscience to understand the neurobiological foundations of decision making, and has been increasingly applied to understanding alcohol use disorder (AUD). A novel focus in neuroeconomics is alcohol demand, or the value of alcohol as measured by cost-benefit preferences. Behaviorally, alcohol demand has been found to be elevated among individuals with higher levels of alcohol misuse and to predict treatment response. In addition, alcohol demand can also be dynamically increased via acute stress. These findings are consistent with theoretical perspectives that emphasize both stable tonic and acute phasic aspects of motivation. The overall goal of the proposed studies is to characterize the neural activity that subserves these established behavioral findings using a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. The first aim is to examine how the brain represents the value of alcohol in individuals with AUD compared to a control group. To do so, the first study will use a between-subjects case-control design to identify differences in neural activity associated with elevations in alcohol demand in individuals with AUD (i.e., cases) versus individuals who drink regularly but do not have an AUD and are matched on key variables (i.e., controls). The second aim is to investigate the changes in neural activity associated with stress-elicited increases in the value of alcohol. To do so, a second study will use a within-subjects design, comparing demand-associated neural activity following a neutral induction to neural activity following a stress induction in individuals with AUD. The third aim is to investigate the relationship between patterns of neural activity during alcohol demand decision making and intervention response. To do so, all participants with AUD in Study #1 and Study #2 will receive Motivational Enhancement Therapy, a previously validated four-session manualized motivational interviewing intervention, and neural activity during the alcohol demand paradigm will be used to predict subsequent drinking at 1-month and 6-month follow-up. Collectively, these aims will systematically apply a novel neuroeconomic approach to diverse aspects of AUD across the translational spectrum, from basic differences in neural activity to predictors of intervention response.