A feasibility study of novel technologies to minimize motion-induced biases in functional and structural MRI of young, opioid-affected cohorts

项目摘要 产前和幼儿期阿片类药物暴露与注意力缺陷风险升高相关 多动症（ADHD）、焦虑、学习成绩差和健康状况不佳。重大知识差距 存在于了解阿片类药物暴露如何影响早期大脑发育，从而引起不良反应的风险。 发展成果。对3 - 5岁儿童的神经影像学研究提供了一个量化 可能与阿片类药物暴露儿童的不同轨迹有关的发育过程 与未暴露的同龄人相比。 不幸的是，神经影像学方法在这个队列中的准确性和可靠性还没有得到很好的建立。是 现在众所周知，结构和功能神经成像测量都易于由受试者引起的误差， 议案此外，已知阿片类药物暴露的许多共病特征可能会增加 孩子们的扫描仪运动。这是在现有的挑战之上，在实现符合性的成像研究 这个年龄段的健康清醒的孩子。总的来说，这引起了对现有神经成像技术的严重关注， 这些方法对于用于3 - 5岁儿童的研究来说运动鲁棒性不够。 我们建议通过可行性研究来解决这些问题，比较现有的方法， 青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究，我们将开发和优化新的方法， 年幼的孩子。我们将在从社区招募的100名3 - 5岁儿童的样本中评估我们的方法 费城是受阿片类药物危机打击最严重的地方。我们将测试我们的新技术是否能改善 原始成像数据的质量，并减少导出的形态测量和功能测量中的运动偏差。 措施通过收集关于儿童环境的一套广泛的措施（家庭吸毒、家庭精神健康、家庭暴力和家庭暴力）， 健康，压力，社会支持），认知和心理健康，我们将确定成功成像的预测因素 以便为今后阿片类药物暴露和大脑发育研究中的取样策略提供信息。的儿童 数据更有可能无法使用，将需要过采样，或统计上的加权，以确保他们是 在最终样品中得到适当的表示。初步数据还将产生影响大小之间的联系， 阿片类药物暴露和神经认知发育为未来成像样本量的决策提供信息 问题研究 总之，这项工作的主要成果将是新颖的，有效的结构和功能神经影像学成像 幼儿的方法，以及为未来大型多中心设计提供信息的关键可行性数据 针对发育问题的研究，特别是与阿片类药物接触有关的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY Opioid exposure, both prenatally and in early childhood, is associated with elevated risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, low academic performance, and poor health. A major knowledge gap exists in understanding how opioid exposure impacts early brain development, giving rise to risk for adverse developmental outcomes. Neuroimaging studies in young children, ages 3-5, offer an opportunity to quantify developmental processes that are likely implicated in the differing trajectories of opioid-exposed children compared to their non-exposed peers. Unfortunately, the accuracy and reliability of neuroimaging methods in this cohort are not well-established. It is now well known that both structural and functional neuroimaging measures are prone to errors induced by subject motion. Moreover, it is known that many of the comorbid features of opioid exposure are likely to increase children’s in-scanner motion. This is on top of the existing challenges in achieving compliance for imaging studies with healthy, awake children in this age range. In total, this raises substantial concern that existing neuroimaging methods are not sufficiently motion-robust to be used in studies of children ages 3-5. We propose to address these concerns with a feasibility study, comparing the existing methods developed for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study with novel methods we will develop and optimize for young children. We will evaluate our methods in a sample of 100 children, ages 3-5, recruited from the community in Philadelphia that has been hardest hit by the opioid crisis. We will test whether our novel technologies improve the quality of the raw imaging data, and reduce motion biases in the derived morphometric and functional measures. By collecting a broad set of measures on children’s environments (family drug use, family mental health, stress, social support), cognition, and mental health, we will determine predictors of successful imaging in order to inform sampling strategies in future studies of opioid exposure and brain development. Children whose data is more likely to be unusable will need to be oversampled, or statistically up-weighted, to ensure they are appropriately represented in the final sample. Preliminary data will also generate effect sizes for links between opioid exposure and neurocognitive development to inform decisions about imaging sample sizes in future studies. In sum, the primary outcomes of this work will be novel, validated structural and functional neuroimaging imaging methods for young children, and critical feasibility data to inform the design of future large-scale multi-center studies addressing developmental questions, particularly those related to opioid exposure.