A feasibility study of novel technologies to minimize motion-induced biases in functional and structural MRI of young, opioid-affected cohorts

项目总结 产前和儿童早期接触阿片类药物与注意力缺陷风险增加有关 多动障碍(ADHD)、焦虑、学习成绩低和健康状况不佳。重大的知识鸿沟 存在于理解阿片类药物的暴露如何影响早期大脑发育，从而导致不良反应的风险 发展成果。对3-5岁儿童的神经成像研究提供了一个量化的机会 可能与阿片类药物暴露儿童的不同轨迹有关的发育过程 与未接触病毒的同龄人相比。 不幸的是，在这个队列中，神经成像方法的准确性和可靠性并没有得到很好的证实。它是 现在众所周知，结构和功能神经成像测量都容易由受试者引起误差 动议。此外，已知阿片类药物暴露的许多共病特征可能会增加。 儿童扫描仪内运动。这是在实现成像研究合规性方面的现有挑战之上的 这个年龄段的健康、清醒的孩子。总而言之，这引起了人们的极大担忧，现有的神经成像 方法不够健壮，不能用于3-5岁儿童的研究。 我们建议通过可行性研究来解决这些问题，比较为 青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)研究，我们将为其开发和优化新方法 年幼的孩子。我们将在社区招募的100名3-5岁的儿童样本中评估我们的方法。 在费城，阿片类药物危机对该州的打击最大。我们将测试我们的新技术是否会改进 原始成像数据的质量，并减少派生的形态和功能中的运动偏差 措施。通过收集一系列关于儿童环境的广泛措施(家庭吸毒、家庭精神疾病 健康、压力、社会支持)、认知和心理健康，我们将确定成功成像的预测因素 以便在今后阿片类药物暴露和脑发育的研究中为抽样战略提供信息。孩子们的孩子 数据更有可能是不可用的，需要进行过采样或统计上加权，以确保它们 在最终样品中得到了适当的表示。初步数据还将生成以下链接的效果大小 阿片类药物暴露和神经认知发展，为未来成像样本大小的决定提供信息 学习。 总之，这项工作的主要成果将是新颖的、经过验证的结构和功能神经成像 为幼儿提供的方法和关键的可行性数据，为未来大型多中心的设计提供参考 涉及发育问题的研究，特别是与阿片类药物暴露有关的问题。

PROJECT SUMMARY Opioid exposure, both prenatally and in early childhood, is associated with elevated risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, low academic performance, and poor health. A major knowledge gap exists in understanding how opioid exposure impacts early brain development, giving rise to risk for adverse developmental outcomes. Neuroimaging studies in young children, ages 3-5, offer an opportunity to quantify developmental processes that are likely implicated in the differing trajectories of opioid-exposed children compared to their non-exposed peers. Unfortunately, the accuracy and reliability of neuroimaging methods in this cohort are not well-established. It is now well known that both structural and functional neuroimaging measures are prone to errors induced by subject motion. Moreover, it is known that many of the comorbid features of opioid exposure are likely to increase children’s in-scanner motion. This is on top of the existing challenges in achieving compliance for imaging studies with healthy, awake children in this age range. In total, this raises substantial concern that existing neuroimaging methods are not sufficiently motion-robust to be used in studies of children ages 3-5. We propose to address these concerns with a feasibility study, comparing the existing methods developed for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study with novel methods we will develop and optimize for young children. We will evaluate our methods in a sample of 100 children, ages 3-5, recruited from the community in Philadelphia that has been hardest hit by the opioid crisis. We will test whether our novel technologies improve the quality of the raw imaging data, and reduce motion biases in the derived morphometric and functional measures. By collecting a broad set of measures on children’s environments (family drug use, family mental health, stress, social support), cognition, and mental health, we will determine predictors of successful imaging in order to inform sampling strategies in future studies of opioid exposure and brain development. Children whose data is more likely to be unusable will need to be oversampled, or statistically up-weighted, to ensure they are appropriately represented in the final sample. Preliminary data will also generate effect sizes for links between opioid exposure and neurocognitive development to inform decisions about imaging sample sizes in future studies. In sum, the primary outcomes of this work will be novel, validated structural and functional neuroimaging imaging methods for young children, and critical feasibility data to inform the design of future large-scale multi-center studies addressing developmental questions, particularly those related to opioid exposure.