Neural correlates of 3D visual orientation

摘要 我们可以看到三维(3D)的东西，因为视觉系统重建了 物体从其二维图像投射到视网膜上。以前的研究已经描述了丧失 3D双眼视觉和顶叶病变后的结构性失用，尽管这种影响的神经生理学 人们对此仍然知之甚少。此外，许多研究已经表征了双眼的神经基础。 视差处理，尽管很少有人处理3D对象方向的表示以及这是如何实现的 在世界上保持不变。在拟议的研究中，我们将检查3D平面的神经选择性 猕猴尾侧顶内区(CIP)、视觉后侧索(VPS)和V3A区的定位 猴子。我们采用了多方面的方法，结合了神经记录、行为、种群解码 和化学灭活。我们将首先直接测试这些领域中每个领域在倾斜歧视中的作用 当猕猴执行精细的倾斜辨别任务时，记录并操纵神经活动。神经 我们将使用信号检测理论来分析放电频率，并通过测量来量化神经元的可变性 噪声相关性和选择概率。我们还将探索这些区域神经元之间的因果联系 以及通过使用可逆失活来获得倾斜方向知觉。此外，众所周知， 重力在塑造我们对世界的视觉体验方面起着至关重要的作用，影响着我们的感官知觉 和运动规划，但令人惊讶的是，关于大脑可能在哪里以及如何使用神经估计，人们知之甚少 重力将视觉信号从视网膜转换为同心表示。拟议中的实验 我将检验这样的假设，即转变是循序渐进的，从一个自我中心开始 V3A中的表示(CIP的主要视觉输入)，并最终以主要以重力为中心的表示： V3A(以自我为中心)CIPVPS(主要以重力为中心)。最后，我们将测试土-垂直倾斜方向 双侧迷路切除后监测视觉定向知觉缺陷的动物的知觉 急性和外周前庭病变恢复后。我们假设了严重的赤字，但也有 随着本体感觉信号作用的增强，功能恢复。这项研究对于理解 3D世界中多感官视觉前庭对3D视觉的影响。

ABSTRACT We can see things in three dimensions (3D) because the visual system reconstructs the 3D configuration of objects from their two-dimensional images projected onto the retina. Previous studies have described loss of 3D binocular vision and constructional apraxia after parietal lesions, although the neurophysiology of this effect remains poorly understood. Furthermore, many studies have characterized the neural basis of binocular disparity processing, although few have dealt with the representation of 3D object orientation and how this is maintained invariant in the world. In the proposed studies we will examine neural selectivity for 3D planar orientation in the caudal intraparietal area (CIP), visual posterior sylvian (VPS) and area V3A of macaque monkeys. We employ a multi-faceted approach, combining neural recordings, behavior, population decoding and chemical inactivation. We will directly test the role of each of these areas in slant discrimination by first recording and then manipulating neural activity while macaques perform a fine slant discrimination task. Neural firing rates will be analyzed using signal detection theory and we will quantify neuronal variability by measuring noise correlations and choice probabilities. We will also probe for causal links between neurons in these areas and slant orientation perception by employing reversible inactivation. Furthermore, it has been known that gravity plays a critical role in shaping our visual experience of the world, influencing both sensory perception and motor planning, but surprisingly little is known about where and how the brain may use a neural estimate of gravity to transform visual signals from retinal to an allocentric representation. The proposed experiments will test the hypothesis that the transformation occurs progressively, beginning with an egocentric representation in V3A (CIP's main visual input) and culminating in a primarily gravity-centered representation: V3A (egocentric)  CIP  VPS (mostly gravity-centered). Finally, we will test earth-vertical slant orientation perception in animals after bilateral labyrinthectomy to monitor deficits in visual orientation perception, both acutely and after recovery from peripheral vestibular lesion. We hypothesize acute deficits, but also a functional recovery as the role of proprioceptive signals increases. This research is important for understanding multisensory visual–vestibular influences on 3D vision in a 3D world.