Neural correlates of 3D visual orientation

3D 视觉定向的神经关联

• 批准号: 9900458
• 负责人: Dora Angelaki
• 金额: $ 39.63万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-02-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9900458
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acute; Affect; Agonist; Anatomy; Animal Behavior; Animals; Apraxias; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior monitoring; Bilateral; Binocular Vision; Brain; Cells; Chemicals; Clinical; Cues; Data; Development; Dimensions; Discrimination; Environment; Exhibits; Force of Gravity; Funding; Grant; Gravitation; Hand; Health; Image; Individual; Inherited; Learning; Lesion; Link; Macaca; Measures; Mental disorders; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Muscimol; Neurons; Noise; Parietal; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Planet Earth; Play; Population; Probability; Process; Property; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Reporting; Research; Retina; Retinal; Role; Rotation; Saccades; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Detection Analysis; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Surface; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Training; Vision; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; base; cognitive function; experience; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; grasp; insight; labyrinthectomy; multisensory; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; practical application; relating to nervous system; response; two-dimensional; virtual reality; visual-vestibular

ABSTRACT We can see things in three dimensions (3D) because the visual system reconstructs the 3D configuration of objects from their two-dimensional images projected onto the retina. Previous studies have described loss of 3D binocular vision and constructional apraxia after parietal lesions, although the neurophysiology of this effect remains poorly understood. Furthermore, many studies have characterized the neural basis of binocular disparity processing, although few have dealt with the representation of 3D object orientation and how this is maintained invariant in the world. In the proposed studies we will examine neural selectivity for 3D planar orientation in the caudal intraparietal area (CIP), visual posterior sylvian (VPS) and area V3A of macaque monkeys. We employ a multi-faceted approach, combining neural recordings, behavior, population decoding and chemical inactivation. We will directly test the role of each of these areas in slant discrimination by first recording and then manipulating neural activity while macaques perform a fine slant discrimination task. Neural firing rates will be analyzed using signal detection theory and we will quantify neuronal variability by measuring noise correlations and choice probabilities. We will also probe for causal links between neurons in these areas and slant orientation perception by employing reversible inactivation. Furthermore, it has been known that gravity plays a critical role in shaping our visual experience of the world, influencing both sensory perception and motor planning, but surprisingly little is known about where and how the brain may use a neural estimate of gravity to transform visual signals from retinal to an allocentric representation. The proposed experiments will test the hypothesis that the transformation occurs progressively, beginning with an egocentric representation in V3A (CIP's main visual input) and culminating in a primarily gravity-centered representation: V3A (egocentric)  CIP  VPS (mostly gravity-centered). Finally, we will test earth-vertical slant orientation perception in animals after bilateral labyrinthectomy to monitor deficits in visual orientation perception, both acutely and after recovery from peripheral vestibular lesion. We hypothesize acute deficits, but also a functional recovery as the role of proprioceptive signals increases. This research is important for understanding multisensory visual–vestibular influences on 3D vision in a 3D world.

摘要 我们可以看到三维（3D）的东西，因为视觉系统重建的3D配置， 从投射到视网膜上的二维图像中识别物体。先前的研究描述了 顶叶损伤后的3D双眼视觉和结构性失用症，尽管这种影响的神经生理学 仍然知之甚少。此外，许多研究已经表征了双眼视觉的神经基础， 视差处理，尽管很少有人处理3D对象取向的表示以及这是如何实现的。 在世界上保持不变。在拟议的研究中，我们将研究神经选择性的3D平面 猕猴尾侧顶内区（CIP）、视觉后外侧裂（VPS）和V3 A区的定向 猴子我们采用了多方面的方法，结合神经记录，行为，人口解码 和化学灭活。我们将直接测试的作用，这些领域中的每一个在倾斜歧视，首先 记录并操纵神经活动，而猕猴执行精细的倾斜辨别任务。神经 将使用信号检测理论分析放电率，我们将通过测量 噪声相关性和选择概率。我们也将探讨这些区域神经元之间的因果关系 和倾斜方向知觉。此外，众所周知， 重力在塑造我们对世界的视觉体验方面起着至关重要的作用， 和运动规划，但令人惊讶的是，很少有人知道大脑在哪里以及如何使用神经估计 将视觉信号从视网膜信号转换为异中心信号。拟议的实验 我将检验这一假设，即转变是逐步发生的，从自我中心开始。 在V3 A（CIP的主要视觉输入）中的表示，并在主要以重力为中心的表示中达到高潮： V3 A（自我中心）-CIP-VPS（主要以重力为中心）。最后，我们将测试地球垂直倾斜定向 在双侧视神经鞘切除术后观察动物的视觉感知，以监测视觉方向感知的缺陷， 急性和外周前庭损伤恢复后。我们假设急性缺陷，但也 随着本体感受信号作用的增加，功能恢复。这项研究对于理解 多感官视觉前庭对3D世界中的3D视觉的影响。