Bystander Intervention for Alcohol-Related Risk Behavior: Instrument Development & Validation

酒精相关风险行为的旁观者干预：仪器开发

• 批准号: 9917678
• 负责人: NANCY P BARNETT
• 金额: $ 19.27万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9917678
• 关键词: Address; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Code; Communities; Comprehension; Data; Development; Device or Instrument Development; Drunk driving; Educational Intervention; Ensure; Environment; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Factor Analysis; Focus Groups; Fostering; Future; Gender; Group Interviews; Guidelines; Heavy Drinking; Helping Behavior; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Investigation; Language; Link; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modification; Movement; Outcome; Participant; Peer Review; Perception; Population; Prevention; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Program Evaluation; Psychometrics; Qualitative Methods; Readiness; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Sampling; Science; Self Efficacy; Shapes; Solid; Source; Structure; Students; Suicide; Surveys; Target Populations; Teenagers; Testing; Training Programs; Transcript; Validation; Work; alcohol intervention; alcohol misuse; alcohol prevention; alcohol related problem; alcohol risk; base; bullying; cognitive interview; college; dating violence; epidemiology study; experience; instrument; interest; intervention program; peer; prevent; programs; prospective; psychosocial; response; sexual assault; sexual violence; skills; sound; theories; willingness; young adult

ABSTRACT Alcohol misuse is most prevalent among individuals in their late teens and early to mid-twenties, and the peer- intensive environment is a primary influencer of alcohol use and its associated consequences. Most alcohol prevention and intervention programs for young adults do not include peers as a part of the intervention, and so do not result in culture change. Bystander intervention training, which is grounded in theories of prosocial helping, focuses on educating people about risky situations and encouraging them to take action to help others reduce their risk. The applicability of bystander intervention for prevention of problematic alcohol use is obvious, but the development of this promising new direction for alcohol intervention is hindered by the current lack of valid and reliable measures of the multiple pertinent constructs. Established researchers with expertise in college alcohol use, bystander intervention, and qualitative and quantitative methods will use guidance from theory, current measures from sexual assault bystander intervention, and a rigorous mixed methods approach to develop a battery of valid and reliable instruments for use in alcohol-related bystander intervention research and programming. The specific aims are to: (1) identify alcohol bystander-related constructs and related survey items utilizing focus groups with young adults (8 groups; N = 64 participants), (2) refine the measurement constructs and items using cognitive interviews with a separate sample (N = 20), and (3) conduct a thorough psychometric evaluation of the derived instruments using a nationally representative panel of young adults (N = 600). Eight established bystander constructs that will serve as a starting point are: readiness to help, perception of peer helping and peer approval of helping, intent to help, bystander self- efficacy, barriers to helping, consequences of intervening, and bystander behaviors. Analysis of focus group data will include open and axial coding of transcripts by multiple coders; the cognitive interview methods will include structured probes about item content and directed modification of survey wording; the psychometric evaluation will use factor analysis, item response theory, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity evaluation for all of the measurement instruments. This proposal has the potential to have a strong impact because federal guidelines now recommend implementing BI training programs on college campuses for all incoming students. This research will produce a set of psychometrically sound measures that will be aligned with the putative mechanisms of bystander intervention programs, thus ensuring the accurate program evaluation and cross-study comparison necessary to build better interventions to address alcohol misuse and its associated problems among young adults.

摘要 酒精滥用在青少年后期和20岁出头至25岁中期的人群中最为普遍， 密集的环境是酒精使用及其相关后果的主要影响因素。大多数酒精 针对年轻人的预防和干预计划不包括同龄人作为干预的一部分， 因此不会导致文化变化。旁观者干预训练，这是基于亲社会理论， 帮助，侧重于教育人们了解危险情况，并鼓励他们采取行动帮助他人 降低他们的风险。旁观者干预对预防有问题的酒精使用的适用性是 显而易见，但这一有前途的酒精干预新方向的发展受到当前的阻碍。 缺乏对多个相关结构的有效和可靠的测量。具有专业知识的资深研究人员 在大学酒精使用，旁观者干预，定性和定量方法将使用指导， 理论，性侵犯旁观者干预的现行措施，以及严格的混合方法 开发一套有效可靠的仪器，用于酒精相关的旁观者干预研究 和编程。具体目标是：（1）识别酒精旁观者相关结构和相关的 调查项目利用焦点小组与年轻人（8组; N = 64参与者），（2）完善 测量结构和项目使用认知访谈与一个单独的样本（N = 20），和（3） 使用具有全国代表性的小组对衍生工具进行全面的心理测量评估 年轻人（N = 600）。作为起点的八个既定的旁观者结构是： 助人意愿、同伴助人知觉和同伴助人赞同、助人意图、旁观者自我 有效性，帮助的障碍，干预的后果和旁观者行为。焦点小组分析 数据将包括由多个编码器对成绩单进行开放式和轴向编码;认知访谈方法将 包括关于项目内容的结构化探索和调查措辞的定向修改;心理测量 评估将使用因素分析，项目反应理论，重测信度，收敛和判别 所有测量工具的有效性评估。这一提议有可能产生强大的 影响，因为联邦指导方针现在建议在大学校园实施BI培训计划 为所有新生准备的这项研究将产生一套心理测量的声音措施， 与旁观者干预计划的假定机制一致，从而确保计划的准确性。 进行必要的评估和交叉研究比较，以建立更好的干预措施，解决酒精滥用问题， 年轻人的相关问题。