Characteristics and Contexts of Bystander Helping for Alcohol-Related Risk among Emerging Adults

旁观者帮助缓解新兴成年人酒精相关风险的特征和背景

• 批准号: 10586442
• 负责人: NANCY P BARNETT
• 金额: $ 52.62万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10586442
• 关键词: Address; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Cellular Phone; Characteristics; Cognition; Communities; Dangerous Behavior; Dangerousness; Development; Ecological momentary assessment; Educational Intervention; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Event; Exposure to; Frequencies; Gender; Goals; Harm Reduction; Health protection; Heavy Drinking; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Intoxication; Investigation; Location; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Phase; Prevention; Privatization; Procedures; Race; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Safety; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Self-Examination; Severities; Social Environment; Social Network; Surveys; Targeted Research; Time; Training; age group; alcohol behavior; alcohol exposure; alcohol measurement; alcohol related consequences; alcohol risk; behavioral response; binge drinking; bullying prevention; community engagement; drinking; effective intervention; emerging adult; experience; hazardous drinking; high risk; high risk behavior; improved; intervention program; peer; peer influence; prevent; programs; prospective; response; sexual assault; social; social influence; young adult

ABSTRACT Alcohol-related risks are highest in young adulthood and this age group is most likely to be exposed to the alcohol use of their peers. Young adults are also highly influenced by their peers, both for high-risk behaviors and for prosocial actions. Bystander helping is one way that peer influence in potentially dangerous alcohol consumption circumstances can reduce harm to those at risk. Bystander helping is the phenomenon when witnesses to a problematic event step in to intervene in some way, but bystander helping has been under- investigated when hazardous alcohol use is the target behavior. In order to develop interventions that effectively leverage peer influence for harm reduction in the young adult community, research must be conducted on the circumstances of alcohol-related events, and specifically the experiences of those who could be bystander helpers. Drawing from bystander intervention research on sexual assault and bullying prevention, we propose to investigate the contexts and conditions under which bystander helping for hazardous alcohol use occurs naturalistically. The aims of this research are to investigate the event-level (Aim 1) and individual difference (Aim 2) predictors of bystander helping in response to peer alcohol-related risk, and to investigate the relationship between helping approaches and bystander and peer outcomes (Aim 3). Following community engagement with an advisory group and a pilot phase in which we will finalize procedures and assessments, we will conduct an assessment study with a sample of young adults (N = 200; ages 18-25) balanced on gender and reflecting the US in race/ethnicity, who will report on their exposure to the hazardous drinking of others in their environment for 28 days using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods. Participants will complete random and morning reports on their own smartphones that will collect information about alcohol- related behavior witnessed, the social context, the characteristics of the person showing the risk behavior, the nature of the relationship between that person and the bystander, the bystander’s own state including their own level of intoxication, perceived barriers to intervention, bystander strategies used, outcomes of any bystander helping, and the outcomes to the person showing the hazardous behavior. Each evening survey will pull forward information from the previous survey to allow for assessment of subsequent observations, and morning surveys will assess further the risks observed, behavioral responses, and outcomes. Methods used during the baseline assessment and orientation, including a social network interview, will facilitate brief, accurate and private EMA reports. We expect the information derived from this investigation will contribute in a substantive way to the development of effective trainings for individuals who are exposed to the hazardous drinking of others.

摘要 酒精相关的风险在年轻的成年人中最高，这个年龄组最有可能接触到酒精。 酒精的使用。年轻人也受到同龄人的高度影响，无论是高风险行为 以及亲社会行为旁观者帮助是同伴影响潜在危险酒精的一种方式 消费环境可以减少对风险人群的伤害。旁观者帮助是一种现象， 一个有问题的事件的目击者以某种方式介入，但旁观者的帮助一直在- 当危险的酒精使用是目标行为时进行调查。为了制定干预措施， 为了有效地利用同龄人的影响力，减少年轻人社区的伤害，研究必须 根据与酒精有关的事件的情况进行，特别是那些可以 做个旁观者借鉴关于性侵犯和欺凌预防的旁观者干预研究， 我们建议调查旁观者帮助危险酒精的背景和条件， 使用自然发生。本研究的目的是探讨事件水平（目标1）和个体 差异（目标2）预测旁观者帮助同伴酒精相关风险，并调查 帮助方法与旁观者和同伴结果之间的关系（目标3）。以下社区 与一个咨询小组进行接触，并进入一个试点阶段，在这个阶段，我们将最后确定程序和评估， 我们将对性别均衡的年轻人（N = 200;年龄18-25）样本进行评估研究 并反映美国的种族/民族，谁将报告他们暴露于危险的饮酒， 使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）方法对它们的环境进行为期28天的评估。参与者将 在他们自己的智能手机上完成随机和早间报告，收集有关酒精的信息- 相关行为目击者，社会背景，表现出危险行为的人的特征， 这个人和旁观者之间关系的性质，旁观者自己的状态，包括他们自己的状态， 中毒水平、感知的干预障碍、使用的旁观者策略、任何旁观者的结局 帮助，以及对表现出危险行为的人的结果。每个晚上的调查都会 转发上一次调查的信息，以便对后续观察结果进行评估，以及 上午的调查将进一步评估观察到的风险、行为反应和结果。用方法 在基线评估和指导期间，包括社交网络访谈，将有助于简短， 准确和私密的EMA报告。我们希望从这次调查中获得的信息将有助于 为接触危险化学品的个人提供有效培训的实质性方法 喝别人的。