Graphene Based Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering

项目摘要 该提案涉及开发制造阳离子的简单合成程序 缺陷的铜（1）硫化物，不同纵横比的Cu 2-xS纳米棒和叶酸中的包封 酸缀合肝素以形成生物缀合物HF-CuS。这种生物缀合物将具有 由于叶酸受体的过度表达， 细胞这种基质在生理流体中的运输能力也将由于所述基质的存在而增强。 由于肝素的溶解性，它能够将硫化铜作为一种无细胞毒性、可生物降解的表面涂层 多糖。Cu 2-xS应该能够在暴露于近红外线时热消融癌细胞。 所需波长的红外激光（NIR）。近红外激光被生物组织吸收较少 对于980 nm的光，典型的组织穿透深度接近几厘米。这项工作将 分三步完成：1.具有各种纵横比的Cu 2-xS纳米棒的制备将 使用1-DDT（1-十二烷硫醇）和t-DDT（叔十二烷硫醇）的组合作为 硫化物的来源，以及通过控制生长的结构导向配体， 成核温度; 2.虽然众所周知，Cu 2-XS中的光热转换效率 与金纳米系统相比，纳米颗粒通常不太有效，然而，等离子体激元 Cu 2-xS中的性质是由于载流子空穴，其可以通过控制载流子空穴而容易地改变。 化学计量这将通过利用硫属化物中的Cu+离子迁移率来实现， 以及其与可溶性胺的表面氧化还原反应以优化等离子体性质， 用叶酸缀合的肝素包封Cu 2-XS纳米棒将增强基质 肿瘤细胞的迁移性和靶向能力以及光热转换效率。叶酸 维生素B的可溶形式，以类似于单克隆抗体的方式靶向肿瘤，如叶状 受体（FR）在超过40%的人类肿瘤中过表达，并且在肿瘤中通常不存在。 健康的细胞肝素将增强基质在生物流体或模拟流体中的传输性能 体液通过硫化铜的表面包覆。如果拟议的研究是 成功地进行，一个新的矩阵将出现靶向输送到癌细胞和消融， 在外科手术或放射治疗效果有限的区域，癌细胞更是如此。

Project Summary The proposal deals with the development of simple synthetic procedure for fabricating cation deficient copper (1) sulfides, Cu2-xS nanorods of varying aspect ratio and the encapsulation in folic acid conjugated heparin to form a bio-conjugate, HF-CuS . This bio-conjugate will have the capabilities to “seek and attach itself to tumor cells due to the overexpression of folate receptors in such cells. The transport ability of such matrix in physiological fluid will also be enhanced due to the solubility of the heparin, it ability to coat the surface of copper sulfide as a non-cytotoxic, biodegradable polysaccharide. The Cu2-xS should be able to thermally ablate cancer cells when exposed to near infra-red laser light (NIR) of desired wavelength. The NIR laser is less absorbed by biological tissues with typical tissue penetration depth approaching several centimeters for 980 nm light. The work will be accomplished in three steps: 1. The fabrication of Cu2-xS nanorods with various aspect ratios, will be accomplished using a combination of 1-DDT (1 dodecane thiol) and t-DDT (tert-dodecane thiol) as the source of sulfide and also the structure directing ligands through manipulation of growth and nucleation temperature; 2. While it is well known that the photo thermal conversion efficiency in Cu2-XS nanoparticles are usually less effective when compared to the Gold nanosystem, however, the plasmon properties in Cu2-xS are due to carrier holes which can be easily varied through control of the stoichiometry. This will be accomplished by taking advantage of Cu+ ion mobility in Chalcogenides, and its surface redox reactions with soluble amines to optimize the plasmonic properties and finally, the encapsulation of the Cu2-XS nanorods with folic acid conjugated heparin will enhance the matrix mobility and targeting ability for tumor cells and photo thermal conversion efficiency. Folic acid , the soluble form of vitamin B, targets tumors in a similar manner to monoclonal antibodies, as foliate receptors (FRs) are overexpressed in more than 40% of human tumors and are generally absent in healthy cells . The heparin will enhance the matrix transport properties in biological fluid or simulated body fluid through coating on the surface of the copper sulfide. If the proposed research is successfully carried out, a new matrix will emerge for targeted delivery to cancer cells and ablation of cancer cells more so in areas where surgical procedure or radiation therapy has limited success.