Enabling advancement in 3D printing for dentistry through high-performance materials, new processing techniques and comprehensive metrics

基于光固化的添加剂制造的扩张令人震惊，它代表着一种罕见的、真正的颠覆性 技术进步。至少在一定程度上快速生产定制型号和功能部件的能力， 除了能够实现向数字库存而不是实物库存的过渡之外，这也是非常有吸引力的。但是，完全 3D打印潜在前景的实现有赖于材料和工艺的持续改进 使用。3D打印部件的可访问性能谱存在显著差距，其中最终材料特性 可以实现高模数/强度和高韧性的结合。我们正在寻求实现一项阶段性的改变 3D可打印材料在坚固的同位素机械性能方面的性能潜力大大增强 分辨率和打印精度。其他方面涉及3D打印材料的改进表征，其可以 适用于现有配方，特别是强调拟议的单体不迁移到和 在部件内打印时，会影响获得的最终性能。这个项目有两个具体的指导目标。 第一个目标涉及由独立开发的两种经过验证的创新方法的互补耦合 PI：1)与机械性能匹配甚至超过机械性能的极高强度和高韧性光聚合物 不能与2)活性纳米凝胶添加剂组合进行光处理的工程塑料的性能 在聚合之前贡献重要的网络结构，并具有继续后固化的独特潜力 仅在光曝光区域内保持空间隔离，以产生极高分辨率的图案化结构。 当这些功能组合在一起时，可以解决目前与3D打印相关的几个限制。第二个目标是使用 先进的分析工具和模型以及打印和打印后流程，将扩展对 基于光致聚合物的3D打印的复杂性。我们的目标是提供显著更高的性能和 高分辨率3D打印材料，为在实验室甚至办公室生产完全 功能性打印牙冠、牙桥、假牙和其他口腔内假体。这些材料还将增强已经存在的 不断增长的牙科市场对正畸矫正器，咬合板，甚至更高分辨率的牙科模型，毫无疑问 由于对更高性能材料的需求未得到满足，打开了目前无法提供的更多应用领域。我们可以的 证明我们的基准材料显著优于传统牙科材料和目前的3D打印材料 产品。为阻碍数字牙科的逻辑过渡的现有挑战提供实际解决方案 以打印机为基础的临床服务，是这一拟议项目的基础。预计在这里取得的进展也将 在越来越依赖3D打印的众多应用领域引起共鸣，因为 可用材料的性能得到改善。

The expansion in photocure-based additive manufacturing has been stunning and it represents a rare, truly disruptive technological advancement. The ability to rapidly produce customized models and functional parts to at least some degree, as well as enabling the transition toward digital rather than physical inventories is incredibly attractive. However, full realization of the potential promises of 3D printing is reliant on the sustained improvement in the materials and the processes used. There is a significant gap in the accessible performance spectrum of 3D printed parts where final material properties can be achieved that combine both high modulus/strength and high toughness. We are seeking to deliver a step-change in the performance potential of 3D printable materials in terms of robust, isotopic mechanical properties, greatly enhanced resolution and printing accuracy. Additional aspects deal with improved characterization of 3D printed materials that can apply to both existing formulations and particularly to highlight how the proposed lack of monomer migration into and within parts as they are being printed affects the final properties obtained. There are two specific Aims guiding this project. The first Aim involves the complementary coupling of two proven innovative approaches developed independently by the PI: 1) extremely high strength and high toughness photopolymers that match or even exceed the mechanical performance properties of engineering plastics that cannot be photo-processed in combination with 2) reactive nanogel additives that contribute significant network-like structure ahead of polymerization and the unique potential for continued post cure that remains spatially isolated only within the photo-exposed regions to yield extremely high resolution patterned structures. These features when combined, address several of the current limitations associated with 3D printing. The second Aim uses sophisticated analytical tools and models as well as printing and post-printing processes that will extend understanding of the complexities of photopolymer-based 3D printing. Our goal is to provide access to markedly higher performance and high resolution 3D printing materials that open opportunities for practical in-lab or even in-office production of fully functional printed crowns, bridges, dentures, and other intraoral prosthetics. These materials would also enhance the already growing dental market for orthodontic aligners, bite splints and even for higher resolution dental models while undoubtedly opening additional application areas not currently available due to an unmet need for higher performance materials. We can demonstrate that our baseline materials significantly outperform conventional dental materials and current 3D printed products. Providing a practical solution to the existing challenges that are impeding the logical transition of digital dentistry into printer-based clinical services, is the basis for this proposed project. The advances made here are also expected to resonate throughout the multitude of application areas that are becoming increasingly reliant on 3D printing as the performance of available materials improve.