Strengthening Adolescent-Adult Networks to Reduce Youth Violence

加强青少年与成人网络以减少青少年暴力

• 批准号: 10192525
• 负责人: Alison J. Culyba
• 金额: $ 15.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-05 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10192525
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Aggressive behavior; Applications Grants; Attitude; Behavior; Caring; Cause of Death; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Communities; Critical Illness; Data; Development; Effectiveness; Emotional; Enrollment; Family; Feeling; Fostering; Foundations; Future; Goals; Homicide; Imprisonment; Influentials; Injury; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Male Adolescents; Mental Health; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Network-based; Occupations; Outcome; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Patient Self-Report; Physicians; Population; Prevention Research; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Schools; Scientist; Site; Social Network; Social support; Source; Structure; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Urban Community; Ursidae Family; Violence; Work; Youth; acceptability and feasibility; base; career development; clinical trial implementation; community engagement; community partnership; comparison intervention; design; didactic education; education research; effectiveness trial; empowerment; evidence base; experience; feasibility testing; feasibility trial; gang; implementation science; injury prevention; innovation; insight; intergenerational; male; mortality; multidisciplinary; multimodality; neighborhood disadvantage; novel; pediatric trauma; peer networks; physical conditioning; post intervention; programs; reduce youth violence; satisfaction; skills; social; support network; therapy design; urban setting; violence exposure; violence perpetration; violence prevention; violence victimization; volunteer; youth violence; youth violence prevention

Male youth in urban environments bear a disproportionate burden of violence perpetration and victimization, which can negatively impact physical and mental health. Strengthening adolescent-adult connections is a promising evidence-based strategy to increase social support and prevent youth violence. However, studies suggest that the simple presence of a supportive adult may not universally confer protection in low-resource urban neighborhoods, and that concurrent social influences may dictate risk. The overall goal of this proposal is to apply social network analysis techniques to elucidate the structure and quality of adolescents' adult support networks across family, school, and community contexts that confer protection from violence in low- resource urban neighborhoods. Results will inform the design and pilot testing of a social network-based adaptation of the `building intergenerational partnerships' component of Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES), an evidence-based violence prevention program that fosters community engagement and reduces aggressive behavior. We will leverage data, research infrastructure, and community partnerships from an ongoing study engaged with male adolescents in twenty disadvantaged neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA. In Aim 1, we will identify adolescent-adult support network structures and relationship qualities across family, school, and community contexts inversely related to violence involvement and explore mechanisms through which these networks confer protection. In Aim 2, we will design and iteratively test a stakeholder-engaged community- based social network adaptation of the YES intervention designed to strengthen and expand adolescent-adult support networks. In Aim 3, we will conduct a pilot cluster-randomized feasibility trial of the adapted YES intervention among adolescent males and key adult supports. Completion of these aims will provide critical insights into how adolescent-adult support networks can be leveraged to reduce youth violence in urban environments. The proposal is supported by an interdisciplinary mentorship team with nationally-recognized expertise in youth violence, social network analysis, intervention design, and clinical trial implementation. With guidance from committed mentors and strong institutional support, the PI will receive the necessary intensive mentorship, didactic education, and research experience to become an independent investigator, supporting career development objectives in social network analysis, intervention design, and implementation science. This work will provide essential preliminary data to support future grant applications to: 1) use social network analysis methods to investigate how multimodal interactions across social and environmental contexts affect violence risk, and 2) to test in a cluster randomized controlled trial the effectiveness of a social network-based violence prevention program. The PI will be poised to become an independent physician-scientist leading studies aligned with NICHD's Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch priorities to support collaborative multidisciplinary youth violence prevention and intervention research.

城市环境中的男性青年承担着不成比例的暴力行为和受害负担， 这会对身心健康造成负面影响。加强青少年与成人之间的联系是一种 有希望的循证战略，以增加社会支持和防止青年暴力。然而，研究表明 这表明，在资源匮乏的情况下，仅仅有一个支持的成年人的存在可能并不能普遍提供保护 城市社区，同时社会影响可能决定风险。这项提案的总体目标是 是应用社会网络分析技术来阐明青少年成年后的结构和素质 支持跨家庭、学校和社区环境的网络，为低收入地区提供免受暴力侵害的保护 资源型城市社区。结果将为基于社交网络的设计和试点测试提供参考 调整青年赋权解决方案的“建立代际伙伴关系”部分(是)， 以证据为基础的暴力预防计划，促进社区参与并减少攻击性 行为。我们将利用正在进行的研究中的数据、研究基础设施和社区合作伙伴关系 在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的20个弱势社区与男性青少年接触。在目标1中，我们将 确定青少年-成人支持网络结构和跨家庭、学校和 社区背景与暴力介入成反比，并探索通过这些机制 网络提供保护。在目标2中，我们将设计并迭代测试一个利益相关者参与的社区- 基于YES干预的社会网络适应，旨在加强和扩大青少年-成人 支持网络。在目标3中，我们将对改编后的YES进行试点整群随机可行性试验 对青春期男性和关键成人支持的干预。完成这些目标将提供至关重要的 关于如何利用青少年-成人支持网络减少城市青少年暴力的见解 环境。这项提议得到了一个跨学科指导团队的支持，该团队拥有国家认可的 在青少年暴力、社会网络分析、干预设计和临床试验实施方面的专业知识。使用 来自坚定导师的指导和强有力的机构支持，PI将获得必要的密集 指导、教育和研究经验，以成为一名独立的调查员，支持 社会网络分析、干预设计和实施科学方面的职业发展目标。 这项工作将提供必要的初步数据，以支持未来的拨款申请：1)使用社交网络 分析方法，以调查跨社会和环境背景的多模式互动如何影响 暴力风险，以及2)在整群随机对照试验中测试基于社交网络的 暴力预防计划。PI将成为一名独立的内科医生-科学家 与NICHD的儿科创伤和危重病科优先事项相一致的研究，以支持合作 多学科青少年暴力预防与干预研究。