Evaluating family economic policies as primary prevention strategies to prevent family and youth violence

项目摘要 虐待和忽视儿童、亲密伴侣暴力和青少年暴力是普遍存在的、可预防的公共卫生问题 有负面终身后果的问题。家庭经济政策，包括临时援助 贫困家庭（TANF），最低工资（MW）和所得税抵免（EITC），提供经济 向低收入家庭提供支助，这些家庭往往面临最大的家庭和青年暴力风险。虽然家庭 经济政策减少暴力的主要风险因素，包括照顾者的压力和心理健康问题 由于经济压力，将这些政策作为预防暴力战略进行审查的研究有限。 审查经济政策对暴力影响的现有文献在以下方面留下了一些重要空白： 知识研究对将政策与暴力联系起来的调解人的了解有限 结果，未能充分审查政策对种族/民族个人的影响，并提供了一个 对经济政策如何相互作用的理解相对有限，尽管有证据表明， 个人经常一次经历一个以上的策略。我们的研究试图通过一个 一系列准实验，实证分析，将严格评估的影响，TANF，MW，和EITC 作为虐待儿童、成人IPV和青年暴力的初级预防战略。我们测量了 脆弱家庭和儿童福利群体参与者的经济政策，这是一个纵向的出生- 出生于相对低收入城市家庭的儿童群体， 受家庭和青年暴力以及经济政策影响的人。我们的研究增加了几个文献 重要的方式。首先，我们的研究是由一个成熟的理论模型，家庭压力模型， 适用于家庭和青少年暴力，这指导我们选择照顾者抑郁作为调解人 政策环境和暴力之间的关系。第二，本研究通过以下方式明确审查政策的效果： 种族/民族。我们假设，经济政策可能特别保护非洲裔美国人， 与白人相比，生活在贫困中的人比例更高，遭受家庭和青少年暴力的比例更高 在计入收入和其他重要因素后消失或转回的。第三，我们能够 利用EITC、TANF和MW政策的完整数据库来评估每项政策的影响， 与其他人协同合作。这项研究符合NCIPC设定的暴力预防优先事项， 社会一级预防多种形式暴力的战略，以增强家庭内的复原力， 纳入照顾者及其子女的双代办法。

PROJECT SUMMARY Child abuse and neglect, intimate partner violence, and youth violence are pervasive, preventable public health issues with negative lifelong consequences. Family economic policies, including Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Minimum Wage (MW), and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), provide economic support to low-income families who are often at greatest risk of family and youth violence. Although family economic policies reduce key risk factors for violence, including caregiver stress and mental health problems due to economic pressure, there are limited studies examining these policies as violence prevention strategies. Extant literature examining the effect of economic policies on violence have left several important gaps in knowledge. Studies have provided limited understanding of the mediators that link policies to violence outcomes, failed to adequately examine the effect of policies on individuals by race/ethnicity, and offered a relatively limited understanding of how economic policies interact with one another, despite evidence that individuals often experience more than one policy at a time. Our study seeks to fill in these gaps through a series of quasi experimental, empirical analyses that will rigorously evaluate the effect of TANF, MW, and EITC as primary prevention strategies for child maltreatment, adult IPV, and youth violence. We measure the effect of economic policies on participants in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Cohort, a longitudinal birth- cohort of children born to relatively low-income, urban families who are among those disproportionately affected by family and youth violence and economic policies. Our research adds to the literature in several important ways. First, our research is guided by a well-established theoretical model, the Family Stress Model, adapted for family and youth violence, which guides our selection of caregiver depression as a mediator between the policy environment and violence. Second, this study explicitly examines the effect of policies by race/ethnicity. We hypothesize that economic policies may be especially protective for African Americans who disproportionately live in poverty and experience higher rates of family and youth violence compared to Whites that disappear or are reversed after accounting for income and other material factors. Third, we are able to leverage a complete database of EITC, TANF, and MW policies to evaluate the effect of each policy alone and in synergy with the others. This study aligns with violence prevention priorities set by NCIPC by evaluating societal-level strategies to prevent multiple forms of violence that enhance resiliency within families and incorporate a dual-generation approach for caregivers and their children.