Sequencing and Initiation in Speech Production

语音生成中的排序和启动

• 批准号: 10297016
• 负责人: FRANK H GUENTHER
• 金额: $ 64.91万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10297016
• 关键词: Achievement; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Anterior; Apraxias; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Buffers; Cell Nucleus; Cerebellum; Child; Clutterings; Complex; Development; Developmental Stuttering; Disease; Dissociation; Dysarthria; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Gestures; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Learning; Left; Memory impairment; Modeling; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Occupational; Outcome Study; Outcomes Research; Participant; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Prevalence; Process; Production; Quality of life; Role; Severities; Short-Term Memory; Site; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Sound; Speed; Stimulus; Study models; Stuttering; Taxes; Technology; Testing; United States; base; design; effective therapy; experimental study; improved; inferior frontal sulcus; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neuroregulation; new technology; novel; novel therapeutics; phonology; programs; psychologic; relating to nervous system; repository; social; therapy development; word learning

PROJECT SUMMARY The overall goal of this project is to develop and test a detailed neural and computational account of the brain mechanisms underlying speech motor sequence planning and motor program initiation and their breakdown in stuttering. Persistent developmental stuttering affects more than three million people in the United States, and it can have profound adverse effects on quality of life. Despite its prevalence and negative impact, stuttering has resisted explanation and effective treatment, due in large part to a poor understanding of the neural processing impairments underlying the disorder. This project aims to remove this critical barrier to progress through an integrated combination of behavioral, neurostimulation, and neuroimaging experiments and associated neurocomputational modeling. The studies in Aim 1 will characterize the neural mechanisms underlying sub- syllabic sequencing in neurotypical individuals. In Study 1.1, we will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypotheses that (1) phonological working memory in left posterior inferior frontal sulcus utilizes an onset-nucleus-coda representation rather than representing an entire syllable as a single item, whereas (2) ventral premotor cortex uses a syllable-based representation in which a fully learned syllable is represented by a single motor program. Study 1.2 uses non-invasive neurostimulation to directly test hypotheses concerning the neural substrates of improved performance accuracy (hypothesized to involve the cerebellum in concert with motor cortical areas) versus speed (hypothesized to involve left posterior inferior frontal sulcus) when learning novel syllables. In Aim 2 we investigate sequencing at the multi-syllabic level, including the effects of word learning in adults with and without stuttering (Study 2.1) and children with and without stuttering (Study 2.2). These studies will test the hypotheses that (i) novel nonword repetition performance is impaired in both children and adults who stutter compared to neurotypical speakers, (ii) learning a multi-syllabic word reduces working memory load compared to producing the same syllables prior to learning them as a word, and (iii) this reduced working memory load will reduce error rate differences between individuals who do and do not stutter and will increase fluency in those who stutter. In addition, Study 2.1 uses fMRI to probe the neural mechanisms involved in word learning, thereby testing the model-based hypotheses that (i) anterior inferior frontal sulcus is the site of a word buffer whose load is decreased by learning a multi-syllabic word compared to producing syllables in a novel nonword combination, and (ii) impaired initiation of motor programs, rather than impaired working memory per se, is the central contributor to stuttering. Together these studies will result in an improved neurocomputational account of the brain mechanisms underlying the sequencing and initiation of speech sounds in fluent speakers and individuals who stutter, thereby paving the way for the development of new therapies and technologies for addressing this disorder.

项目摘要 这个项目的总体目标是开发和测试一个详细的大脑神经和计算帐户 言语运动序列规划和运动程序启动的机制及其在 口吃在美国，持续性发展性口吃影响着300多万人， 会对生活质量产生深远的负面影响。尽管口吃的流行和负面影响， 拒绝解释和有效的治疗，在很大程度上是由于对神经处理的理解不足 潜在的损伤该项目旨在通过一个 行为、神经刺激和神经成像实验的综合组合以及相关的 神经计算模型目标1中的研究将描述亚- 音节排序在神经型个体。在研究1.1中，我们将使用功能性磁共振成像， （1）左后额下沟的语音工作记忆利用了 起始-核-尾表示，而不是将整个音节表示为单个项，而（2） 腹侧前运动皮层使用基于音节的表示，其中完全学习的音节由 一个单一的运动程序研究1.2使用非侵入性神经刺激来直接检验关于 提高性能的准确性的神经基板（假设涉及小脑与音乐会） 运动皮质区）与速度（假设涉及左后额下沟） 新奇的音节在目标2中，我们研究了多音节水平的排序，包括单词的影响 有和没有口吃的成年人（研究2.1）和有和没有口吃的儿童（研究2.2）的学习。 这些研究将检验以下假设：（i）两个孩子的新非词重复表现都受损 和口吃的成年人相比，神经典型的发言者，（ii）学习多音节词减少了工作 记忆负荷相比，生产相同的音节之前，学习他们作为一个词，和（iii）这减少 工作记忆负荷将减少口吃者和不口吃者之间的错误率差异， 增加口吃者的流利程度。此外，研究2.1使用功能性磁共振成像来探测所涉及的神经机制， 在单词学习中，从而测试基于模型的假设，即（i）前下额沟是 一个字缓冲器，与在一个存储器中产生音节相比，其负载通过学习多音节字而减少。 新的非文字组合，和（ii）受损的启动运动程序，而不是受损的工作记忆 是口吃的主要原因 这些研究将共同导致对大脑机制的神经计算的改进 在流利的说话者和口吃者中， 为开发治疗这种疾病的新疗法和技术铺平了道路。