Sex and Age Differences in Immunity to Influenza (SADII)

流感免疫力的性别和年龄差异(SADII)摘要 美国国立卫生研究院妇女健康研究办公室(ORWH)应该支持一个专门的研究中心 在流感免疫方面的性别差异(得分)，因为尽管有抗病毒药物和疫苗， 流感仍然是一个重大的公共卫生威胁，导致大约100,000人住院，30,000人 仅在美国，就有约70亿美元的生产力损失。性别和年龄正在浮现 作为两个显著影响流感病毒感染发病机制的宿主变量和对 流感疫苗。流感免疫力的性别和年龄差异(Sādē) 将利用约翰斯的国际公认的研究、资源和教育机会 霍普金斯大学将改变妇女的健康状况，影响妇女健康的发展和政策决策 流感疫苗计划，包括通用流感疫苗。正在测试的首要假设 通过SADII评分研究项目是，女性偏向疫苗诱导对流感的免疫力 病毒是年龄相关的，反映了性别之间的荷尔蒙和基因差异，影响 对流感疫苗抗原的免疫反应(即效应器和记忆性)。SADII将把 研究人员专注于1)在现有年龄和性别分层的人群中接种季节性流感疫苗 种群；2)可以检验从研究中推断出的假说和作用机制的动物模型 以及3)年龄、虚弱程度、性别和性别对疫苗结果的贡献。 定量和定性统计模型。通过使用我们研究小组的综合专业知识，SADII 在确定性别和年龄差异的免疫反应背后的生物学基础方面具有独特的地位 流感疫苗接种，并将这些发现传播到更广泛的研究、临床和公共卫生 社区。SADII评分的首要任务将通过以下具体工作来实现 目标：1)领导和监督SADII评分，并与下列其他实体合作 约翰斯·霍普金斯和其他地方开发了一个专注于性别和年龄差异的翻译研究计划 在免疫学和传染病方面；2)系统评价疫苗诱导的性别差异 使用涉及人体研究和翻译方法的生命过程中的免疫反应 机械动物模型；3)满足不同翻译科学家的职业发展需求 在约翰·霍普金斯大学和其他地方研究性别差异。我们准备改变女性的健康、性、 和性别研究成为约翰·霍普金斯大学和微生物学领域的标志性倡议 免疫学。

SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES IN IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA (SADII) SUMMARY The NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) should support a Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) on sex differences in influenza immunity because despite having antivirals and vaccines, influenza remains a significant public health threat, causing approximately 100,000 hospitalizations, 30,000 deaths, and approximately $7 billion in lost productivity in the United States, alone. Sex and age are emerging as two host variables that significantly impact the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection and responses to influenza vaccines. The Sex and Age Differences in Immunity to Influenza (SADII, pronounced sādē) SCORE will leverage the internationally recognized research, resources, and educational opportunities at Johns Hopkins University to transform women’s health and impact the development of and policy decisions about influenza vaccine programs, including universal influenza vaccines. The overarching hypothesis being tested through the SADII SCORE Research Projects is that female-biased vaccine-induced immunity to influenza viruses is age-dependent and reflects both hormonal and genetic differences between the sexes that impact immune responses (i.e., both effector and memory) to influenza vaccine antigens. SADII will bring together investigators focused on 1) seasonal influenza vaccination in an existing age and sex stratified human population; 2) animal models that can test hypotheses and mechanisms of action that are inferred from studies in human populations; and 3) the contributions of age, frailty, sex, and gender to vaccine outcomes using quantitative and qualitative statistical models. By using the combined expertise in our research groups, SADII is uniquely positioned to identify the biological basis behind sex and age differences in immune responses to influenza vaccination and disseminate those findings to the broader research, clinical, and public health communities. The overarching mission of the SADII SCORE will be achieved through the following Specific Aims: 1) To provide leadership and oversight of the SADII SCORE and collaboration with other entities at Johns Hopkins and elsewhere to develop a translational research program focused on sex and age differences in immunology and infectious diseases; 2) To systematically evaluate sex differences in vaccine-induced immune responses across the life course using translational approaches involving human studies and mechanistic animal models; and 3) To meet the career enhancement needs of diverse translational scientists studying sex differences at Johns Hopkins and beyond. We are prepared to transform women’s health, sex, and gender research into a signature initiative at Johns Hopkins and in the fields of microbiology and immunology.