Sex and Age Differences in Immunity to Influenza (SADII)

流感免疫力的性别和年龄差异（SADII）总结 美国国立卫生研究院妇女健康研究办公室（ORWH）应该支持一个专门的研究中心 卓越（SCORE）对流感免疫力的性别差异，因为尽管有抗病毒药物和疫苗， 流感仍然是一个重大的公共卫生威胁，造成约10万人住院，3万人死亡， 死亡，仅在美国就损失了大约70亿美元的生产力。性别和年龄正在显现 作为两个宿主变量，显著影响流感病毒感染的发病机制和对 流感疫苗。流感免疫力的性别和年龄差异（SADII，发音为sād）评分 将利用国际公认的研究，资源和教育机会在约翰 霍普金斯大学改变妇女的健康和影响的发展和政策决定 流感疫苗计划，包括通用流感疫苗。被测试的首要假设 通过SADII SCORE研究项目， 病毒是年龄依赖性的，反映了性别之间的激素和遗传差异， 免疫应答（即，效应物和记忆物）与流感疫苗抗原的结合。SADII将汇集 研究者关注1）现有年龄和性别分层人群的季节性流感疫苗接种 2）动物模型，可以测试从研究中推断的假设和作用机制 在人群中;和3）年龄，虚弱，性别和性别对疫苗结果的贡献， 定量和定性统计模型。通过利用我们研究小组的综合专业知识， 是唯一定位，以确定背后的免疫反应的性别和年龄差异的生物学基础， 流感疫苗接种，并将这些发现传播到更广泛的研究，临床和公共卫生 社区. SADII SCORE的首要使命将通过以下具体内容实现 目的：1）领导和监督SADII SCORE，并与其他实体合作， 约翰霍普金斯和其他地方开发一个转化研究计划，重点是性别和年龄差异 2）系统评价疫苗诱导的免疫学和感染性疾病的性别差异， 使用涉及人类研究的转化方法， 机械动物模型; 3）满足不同转化科学家的职业提升需求 在约翰霍普金斯和其他地方研究性别差异。我们已经准备好改变女性的健康，性， 和性别研究成为约翰霍普金斯和微生物学领域的标志性举措， 免疫学

SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES IN IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA (SADII) SUMMARY The NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) should support a Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) on sex differences in influenza immunity because despite having antivirals and vaccines, influenza remains a significant public health threat, causing approximately 100,000 hospitalizations, 30,000 deaths, and approximately $7 billion in lost productivity in the United States, alone. Sex and age are emerging as two host variables that significantly impact the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection and responses to influenza vaccines. The Sex and Age Differences in Immunity to Influenza (SADII, pronounced sādē) SCORE will leverage the internationally recognized research, resources, and educational opportunities at Johns Hopkins University to transform women’s health and impact the development of and policy decisions about influenza vaccine programs, including universal influenza vaccines. The overarching hypothesis being tested through the SADII SCORE Research Projects is that female-biased vaccine-induced immunity to influenza viruses is age-dependent and reflects both hormonal and genetic differences between the sexes that impact immune responses (i.e., both effector and memory) to influenza vaccine antigens. SADII will bring together investigators focused on 1) seasonal influenza vaccination in an existing age and sex stratified human population; 2) animal models that can test hypotheses and mechanisms of action that are inferred from studies in human populations; and 3) the contributions of age, frailty, sex, and gender to vaccine outcomes using quantitative and qualitative statistical models. By using the combined expertise in our research groups, SADII is uniquely positioned to identify the biological basis behind sex and age differences in immune responses to influenza vaccination and disseminate those findings to the broader research, clinical, and public health communities. The overarching mission of the SADII SCORE will be achieved through the following Specific Aims: 1) To provide leadership and oversight of the SADII SCORE and collaboration with other entities at Johns Hopkins and elsewhere to develop a translational research program focused on sex and age differences in immunology and infectious diseases; 2) To systematically evaluate sex differences in vaccine-induced immune responses across the life course using translational approaches involving human studies and mechanistic animal models; and 3) To meet the career enhancement needs of diverse translational scientists studying sex differences at Johns Hopkins and beyond. We are prepared to transform women’s health, sex, and gender research into a signature initiative at Johns Hopkins and in the fields of microbiology and immunology.