Neuroscience, Immunology, Social Adversity and the Roots of Addictive Behaviors: Toward a New Framework for Drug Use Etiology and Prevention

项目概要：整体中心 转化和预防科学中心（CTAPS; P20 MH 068666，P30 DA 027827）已被 自2003年以来持续提供资金，以推动下一代基本和预防性风险调查， 生活在资源贫乏社区的非洲裔美国年轻人的韧性和药物使用 美国东南部CTAPS率先开展了研究，展示了经济和社会风险如何影响 逆境通过其对神经生物学和外周系统的影响促进药物使用。特别 重要的是，CTAPS赞助的研究也证明了以家庭为中心的药物使用的前景 预防方案，以保护年轻人免受这些神经生物学风险。目前，转型 在预防慢性压力人群中的成瘾行为方面取得了进展， 严重阻碍了（a）综合理论框架的缺乏，产生假设， 将社会逆境与成瘾行为和心脏代谢风险联系起来的风险和弹性机制， (b)基础设施，可以收集关于多种神经认知、外周生物学和 与慢性压力相关的行为系统，以及（c）可以整合这些数据的跨学科团队 预防计划的设计和评估。P50的理论框架 卓越研究中心是CTAPS科学家开发的下一代神经免疫网络（NIN）模型， 发展，以更好地描述暴露于社会逆境的方式，使年轻人更容易 各种形式的成瘾行为的发作和升级。NIN模型指定应力诱导 外周炎症和神经认知系统之间的交易改变， 情绪调节在成瘾行为发展中的脆弱性。作为P50中心，我们建议建立 关于并扩展CTAPS在以下方面的开创性工作：（a）成瘾的生物学和神经认知贡献者 导致许多药物使用和健康差异的行为非裔美国人的经验和（B）潜在的 以家庭为中心的预防计划，以改善在长期压力下成长的影响， contexts.我们将利用来自不同学科的成熟的调查团队和成熟的 测试跨学科假设的基础设施。这一基础设施包括高效、完善的 连接P50研究项目（RP）和试点研究调查人员与智力资源、湿实验室的管道， 先进的成像设备和世界级的成像数据处理平台。我们将 实施三个创新的、主题综合的区域方案。区域方案、创新性试点项目、扩大的国家 资源系统和研究者发展活动将通过我们的基础设施系统得到支持 由一个研究支持核心，一个行政核心和一个试点核心组成。CTAPS活动将有 对药物使用和心脏代谢风险的研究、实践和预防的广泛影响 在低收入和少数民族社区。 1

PROJECT SUMMARY: Overall Center The Center for Translational and Prevention Science (CTAPS; P20 MH068666, P30 DA027827) has been funded continuously since 2003 to advance next-generation basic and preventive investigations of risk, resilience, and drug use among African American young people living in resource poor communities in the southeastern US. CTAPS has pioneered research demonstrating how exposures to economic and social adversity promote drug use through their effects on neurobiological and peripheral systems. Of particular importance, research sponsored by CTAPS also has demonstrated the promise of family-centered drug use prevention programming in shielding young people from these neurobiological risks. At present, transformative progress in the prevention of addictive behavior among populations exposed to chronic stress has been hampered significantly by the lack of (a) integrative theoretical frameworks that generate hypotheses regarding the risk and resilience mechanisms that connect social adversity to addictive behavior and cardiometabolic risk, (b) infrastructures that can collect model driven data on multiple neurocognitive, peripheral biological, and behavioral systems associated with chronic stress, and (c) transdisciplinary teams that can integrate these data into the design and evaluation of prevention programs. The theoretical framework of the proposed P50 Research Center of Excellence is a next generation, neuroimmune network (NIN) model that CTAPS scientists developed to better describe the ways in which exposure to social adversity predispose young people to the onset and escalation of diverse forms of addictive behaviors. The NIN model specifies stress-induced alterations in the transactions between peripheral inflammation and neurocognitive systems that subserve emotion regulation in the development of addictive behavior vulnerability. As a P50 Center, we propose to build on and expand CTAPS’ pioneering work on (a) the biological and neurocognitive contributors to addictive behaviors that drive many drug use and health disparities African Americans’ experience and (b) the potential of family-centered prevention programming to ameliorate the influence of growing up in chronically stressful contexts. We will leverage an established team of investigators from diverse disciplines and an established infrastructure for testing transdisciplinary hypotheses. This infrastructure includes efficient, established pipelines connecting P50 research project (RP) and pilot study investigators to intellectual resources, wet labs, a state-of-the-science imaging facility, and a world class platform for processing imaging data. We will implement three innovative, thematically integrated RPs. RPs, innovative pilot projects, an expanded national resource system, and investigator development activities will be supported through our infrastructure system composed of a Research Support Core, an Administrative Core, and a Pilot Core. CTAPS activities will have wide-reaching implications for research, practice, and prevention concerning drug use and cardiometabolic risk in low-income and ethnic minority communities. 1