ISRAELI REACTIONS TO SCUD ATTACKS DURING THE GULF WAR

波斯湾战争期间对以色列平民的轰炸 提供了一个独特而重要的研究机会， 对以色列出生的成年人样本的生命威胁的经验，我们对他们， 有详细的战前基线数据 这些战前数据是在 生活事件和其他可能的危险因素的病例/对照研究 精神疾病，尤其是精神分裂症、重度抑郁症， 反社会人格和物质使用，包括酗酒。 在NIMH RAPID计划的一小笔赠款下，我们迈出了第一步， 抓住这个机会。 我们收集的战后数据不仅包括 评估心理困扰和创伤后应激障碍的症状，但也 压力过程的广泛测量。调查对象为650人 我们的原始样本。采访开始于1991年3月20日， 轰炸威胁结束后的几周，并继续为以下 年 快速发展方案赠款仅为数据收集提供资金。 本 申请是为了分析数据。 我们分析的目的 是：1）检查客观威胁（例如， 在目标和轰炸地区的住所）和危难（例如，士气低落 和PTSD的症状）; 2）测试压力之间的关系， 社会状况，个人性格，和精神病理学在我们的 更常见的压力源的基线研究在以下情况下重复： 异常危及生命的压力，3）前瞻性分析 回顾性数据提出但未解决的问题 基线病例/对照研究。 我们的长期目标是进行进一步的后续采访， 请参考此处提出的分析结果。 这个长期 后续行动将涉及精神科医生的临床诊断， 原始基线研究。这将使我们不仅能够调查如何 过去的社会、心理和精神因素影响了 对威胁生命的经历的反应，以及这些反应， 关系到精神病学的未来发展 紊乱

The bombing of the Israeli civilian population during the Persian Gulf War offered a unique and important research opportunity to study effects of a life-threatening experience on a sample of Israel-born adults on whom we have detailed pre-war baseline data. These pre-war data were collected in a case/control study of life events and other possible risk factors for psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, major depression, antisocial personality and substance use, including alcoholism. Under a small grant from the NIMH RAPID program, we took the first step to seize this opportunity. We collected post-war data that included not only assessments of psychological distress and symptoms of PTSD, but also extensive measures of the stress process. The respondents were 650 people from our original sample. The interviewing began on March 20, 1991, 3 weeks after the bombing threat ended, and continued for the following year. The RAPID grant provided funds for data collection only. The present application is for funds to analyze the data. Our aims in these analyses are to: 1) examine the relationship between objective threat (e.g., residence in targeted and bombed areas) and distress (e.g., demoralization and symptoms of PTSD); 2) test whether the relationships among stress, social situations, personal disposition, and psychopathology in our baseline study of more usual stressors are replicated in a situation of abnormal life threatening stress and, 3) address with prospective analyses questions raised but unresolved with the retrospective data from the baseline case/control study. Our longer term goal is to conduct further follow-up interviews that will be informed by the results of analyses proposed here. This longer term follow-up would involve clinical diagnoses by psychiatrists as in the original baseline study. This would enable us to investigate not only how past social, psychological and psychiatric factors affect immediate responses to a life-threatening experience, but also how such responses, in turn, are related to the future course and development of psychiatric disorders.