SOCIAL STATUS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

中心问题是，一般的社会环境因素和 尤其是环境诱导的压力与 各种类型精神障碍的发生和分布以及 社区中的困境。如果是，涉及的过程是什么？ 目前正在进行三项主要研究，以调查这些问题。三个都是 借鉴了在 我们之前的研究主要依靠个人访谈来获取数据 收集。这三项研究分别是： 1.纽约市122例DSM-III的回顾性病例对照研究 重度抑郁者，65名DSM-III精神分裂症患者和 精神分裂样障碍(“精神分裂症障碍”)和197人 从普通人群中抽样并进行筛选以构成良好的 控制。所有人的年龄都在19岁到59岁之间。 2.对概率样本的大规模流行病学研究，包括 在1948年至1962年期间出生在以色列的约5000名男性和女性中， 欧洲背景的犹太人和北方背景的犹太人平均分配 非洲背景；500例病例的亚样本，取自5000例 精神分裂症，抑郁症，反社会人格的诊断， 物质滥用障碍，以及一种非特定的痛苦 称“士气低落”；200个井控；约2800个一级 这些病例和对照的亲属。 3.136例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者前瞻性病例对照研究 肌筋膜疼痛和130对照无慢性疼痛。都是女性 在18岁到之间，每个月都会被跟踪调查一次 年。 这些研究中提出的一些问题存在差异 在一些正在调查的结果变量中也是如此。每个人都有自己的 核心，然而，重点是五个可供选择的理论模型如何三 生活压力过程的要素--最近的生活事件、个人 性情和持续的社会环境--可能会导致不利的 健康变化。

The central question is whether socioenvironmental factors in general and environmentally induced stress in particular are causally related to the occurrence and distribution of various types of psychiatric disorder and distress in communities. If so, what are the processes involved? Three main studies are underway to investigate these matters. All three draw on theoretical formulations and measurement procedures developed in our previous research and rely mainly on personal interviews for data collection. The three studies are: 1. A retrospective case-control study in New York City of 122 DSM-III major depressives, 65 persons with DSM-III schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders ("schizophrenic disorders"), and 197 persons sampled from the general population and screened to constitute well controls. All are between the ages of 19 and 59. 2. A large scale epidemiological study of a probability sample consisting of about 5,000 men and women born in Israel between 1948 and 1962 and divided equally between Jews of European background and Jews of North African background; a subsample of 500 cases drawn from the 5,000 with diagnoses of schizophrenia, major depression, anti-social personality, substance abuse disorder, and a type of nonspecific distress that we are calling "demoralization;" 200 well controls; and about 2,800 first degree relatives of these cases and controls. 3. A prospective case-control study of 136 patients suffering from myofascial pain and 130 controls free of chronic pain. All are females between the ages of 18 and 64 have been followed at monthly intervals for a year. There are differences in some of the questions being asked in these studies and in some of the outcome variables being investigated. Each has at its core, however, a focus on five alternative theoretical models of how three elements of life stress processes--recent life events, personal dispositions, and on-going social situations--may contribute to adverse health changes.