Effect Of Diet On Occurence Of Chronic Disease

饮食对慢性病发生的影响

• 批准号: 6672967
• 负责人: Matthew P Longnecker
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6672967
• 关键词: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; antioxidants; breast neoplasms; cancer prevention; cancer risk; clinical research; colorectal neoplasms; dietary constituent; disease /disorder prevention /control; disease /disorder proneness /risk; human data; human subject; neoplasm /cancer epidemiology; nervous system disorder epidemiology; nutrition aspect of cancer; nutrition related tag

Diet may affect the risk of several chronic human diseases but additional research is needed. This project examines effects of diet on neurodevelopment, cancer risk, and in relation to risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Summary: Fish contains omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for brain development. Because fish can also be a source of neurotoxins, such as methylmercury, most studies of neurodevelopment have considered fish intake only as a surrogate measure of neurotoxin exposure. Thus the potential beneficial effects of fish on long-term neurodevelopment have not been well characterized. We evaluated the association between maternal prenatal fish consumption and neurodevelopment among offspring in a cohort of 7421 British children born in 1991-1992. All children born to mothers resident in Bristol and the surrounding areas between April 1991 and December 1992 were eligible for the ALSPAC study. Expectant mothers were recruited during routine prenatal health visits and completed an enrollment questionnaire. An estimated 85% of the eligible population participated. The present investigation was restricted to singleton, term (>37 completed weeks gestation) children whose mothers completed prenatal questionnaires on diet and postnatal developmental assessments when the child was 15 and 18 months of age (n=10,092). Fish intake by the mother and child was measured by questionnaire. The child?s neurodevelopment was assessed using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory at 15 months of age and the Denver Developmental Screening Test at 18 months of age. Mercury was measured in umbilical cord tissue for 1054 children. Accomplishments: Total mercury concentrations were low and were not associated with neurodevelopment. Fish intake by the mother during pregnancy and the infant postnatally were independently associated with slightly higher mean developmental scores on many of the subtests assessed. These data suggest that when mercury exposure is low, moderate fish intake during pregnancy and infancy may benefit neurodevelopment.

饮食可能会影响几种慢性人类疾病的风险，但还需要进一步的研究。本项目研究饮食对神经发育、癌症风险的影响，以及与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)风险的关系。 摘要： 鱼含有omega-3脂肪酸，这是大脑发育所必需的。由于鱼也可能是甲基汞等神经毒素的来源，大多数神经发育研究都认为摄入鱼只是神经毒素暴露的替代指标。因此，鱼类对长期神经发育的潜在有益影响还没有得到很好的表征。 我们在1991-1992年出生的7421名英国儿童的队列中评估了母亲产前食用鱼类与后代神经发育之间的关系。1991年4月至1992年12月期间居住在布里斯托尔和周边地区的母亲所生的所有孩子都有资格参加ALSPAC的研究。孕妇在常规的产前健康检查中被招募，并完成了登记问卷。据估计，有85%的合格人口参加了这次活动。本调查仅限于母亲在孩子15个月和18个月大时完成产前饮食和产后发育评估问卷的独生子女(&gt；37周妊娠)(n=10,092)。 采用问卷调查法测量母子鱼摄入量。儿童S在15个月大时使用麦克阿瑟交往发展量表和18个月大时使用丹佛发育筛查测试进行神经发育评估。对1054名儿童的脐带组织进行了汞含量测定。 成就： 总汞浓度很低，与神经发育无关。母亲在怀孕期间和婴儿出生后摄取的鱼与许多评估的子测试中略高的平均发育分数独立相关。这些数据表明，当汞暴露较低时，孕期和婴儿期适量的鱼类摄入量可能有利于神经发育。