Human Health Effects Of Exposure To Organochlorine Compo

接触有机氯化合物对人类健康的影响

• 批准号: 7169658
• 负责人: Matthew P Longnecker
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7169658
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); audiometry; biomarker; child (0-11); chlorohydrocarbon insecticide; clinical research; cryptorchidism; developmental neurobiology; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; dioxins; environmental exposure; environmental toxicology; halobiphenyl /halotriphenyl compound; human birth weight; human subject; hypotonia; intelligence tests; interview; nervous system disorder; neuropsychological tests; organic chemicals; pesticide biological effect; premature labor; questionnaires; reproductive development

Organochlorines such as the DDT metabolite DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that may be toxic at levels encountered by the general population, through exposure in the food chain. PCBs interfere with neurodevelopment in animal experiments but human results are mixed. Each organochlorine has several types of biologic activity, so potential mechanisms of action are a challenge to pin down. For example, DDE interferes with androgen binding to its receptor. Most of my work in this area is based on analysis of serum from pregnant women who were in a cohort study named the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). Here I describe some of my results from the CPP study. Results from other studies I have done on the health effects of persistent organic pollutants are indicated in the list of publications. Sera from over 50,000 pregnant women in the CPP have been frozen at -20 degrees Centigrade since 1959-1965, and with the health data on their offspring constitute a resource that is still actively used by many investigators. We selected a subset of about 2,800 children born in 1959-1966 and determined organochlorine concentrations in the corresponding stored maternal pregnancy sera. In earlier CPP papers we examined DDE levels in relation to fetal loss in previous pregnancies, and, in the CPP pregnancy, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, and birthweight; in all cases we found associations suggestive of adverse effects. To look for evidence of androgen-blocking, we examined maternal DDE level during pregnancy in relation to adjusted odds of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia [extra nipples] among their male offspring; for these outcomes the results were suggestive but equivocal. Furthermore, we evaluated prenatal PCB exposure in relation to developmental assessment performance at 8 months of age, and hearing as reflected by audiometric examination at age 8 years. None of these studies showed any associations. Last year's progress Because this project is now in the data analysis and reporting phase, the progress is reflected by the publications. Briefly, in the past year, we have reported on: a) PCBs and performance on tests of cognitive performance (no association in our data), b)DDE and fetal loss (association found), c) DDE and body size in peripubertal males (no association found), d) PCBs and DDE in relation to menstrual cycle characteristics (some association with PCBs), e) PCBs and preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (no association found), f) PCBs and DDE and time to pregnancy (a suggestion of increased time to pregnancy with PCBs was found).

滴滴涕代谢物DDE和多氯联苯（PCBs）等有机氯是持久性有机污染物，通过在食物链中接触，其毒性可能达到普通人群所能接触到的水平。在动物实验中，多氯联苯会干扰神经发育，但在人体实验中的结果好坏参半。每种有机氯都有几种类型的生物活性，因此确定潜在的作用机制是一个挑战。例如，DDE干扰雄激素与其受体的结合。 我在这一领域的大部分工作是基于对孕妇血清的分析，这些孕妇参加了一项名为围产期合作项目（CPP）的队列研究。在这里，我描述了一些我的CPP研究结果。我就持久性有机污染物对健康的影响所做的其他研究的结果见出版物清单。 自1959年至1965年以来，CPP中超过50，000名孕妇的血清被冷冻在-20摄氏度下，其后代的健康数据构成了许多研究人员仍然积极使用的资源。我们选择了1959-1966年出生的约2,800名儿童的子集，并确定了相应储存的母亲妊娠血清中的有机氯浓度。 在早期的CPP论文中，我们研究了DDE水平与既往妊娠中胎儿丢失的关系，以及CPP妊娠中的早产、小于胎龄儿和出生体重;在所有情况下，我们发现了提示不良反应的相关性。为了寻找雄激素阻断的证据，我们检查了怀孕期间母体DDE水平与其男性后代中隐睾、尿道下裂和多乳头的调整几率的关系;对于这些结果，结果是暗示性的，但不明确。 此外，我们评估了产前PCB暴露与8个月大时的发育评估表现以及8岁时听力检查所反映的听力。这些研究都没有显示出任何关联。 去年的进展 由于这一项目目前处于数据分析和报告阶段，出版物反映了进展情况。简单地说，在过去一年中，我们报告了：（a）多氯联苯与认知能力测试成绩（在我们的数据中没有关联），B）DDE和胎儿丢失（发现相关性），c）青春期男性的DDE和体型（未发现关联），d）多氯联苯和DDE与月经周期特征的关系（与多氯联苯有一定关联），e）多氯联苯与早产和小于胎龄儿（未发现关联），f）多氯联苯和DDE与怀孕时间（发现多氯联苯导致怀孕时间延长）。