Regulation of nuclear migration

描述（由申请人提供）：典型真核细胞的细胞核位于一个确定的区域，并通过活性过程维持在那里。因此，细胞核位置的变化经常受到高度调节，并发挥重要的发育和细胞作用。尽管核迁移无处不在，但对高等真核生物中这一过程的遗传学和细胞生物学知之甚少。本研究的长期目标是确定核迁移的潜在机制，并了解其在发育过程中的调控，以果蝇为模型系统。核迁移涉及一个进化上保守的途径，通过微管运动细胞质动力蛋白起作用。果蝇nudC （dudc）和果蝇Lisl （DLisl）基因在这一过程中起着重要的调节作用，动力蛋白是卵母细胞核运动和锚定所必需的。我们建议利用分子和生化方法研究核迁移途径中动力蛋白功能受基因调控的机制。这些研究将为了解核迁移如何在高等真核生物中被调节提供重要的见解，并有助于理解动力蛋白（一种关键的微管依赖马达）的活性和特异性是如何被调节的。人类LIS1的突变导致胚胎发生过程中神经元迁移失败，导致严重的智力迟钝和过早死亡。此外，动力蛋白运动成分的错义突变导致人类运动神经元疾病和进行性运动神经元变性，强调了确定这些普遍存在的运动复合物如何被调节的临床相关性。这一建议的三个具体目标是：1。为了研究DLisl在调节动力蛋白运动活动中的作用：我们将使用分子，遗传和生化方法以及直接测量体内运动活动的敏感测定来研究DLisl如何影响动力蛋白功能。2. 为了确定DnudC的生物学功能：我们将研究DnudC的作用，DnudC是DLisl的潜在调节因子，并对我们分离的DnudC突变体进行表型分析。3. 为了了解DnudC功能的机制基础：遗传学和结构/功能分析将用于检查DLisl/DnudC之间的调控相互作用和DnudC作用的机制基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The nucleus of the typical eukaryotic cell is located at a defined region and maintained there through active processes. Consequently changes in nuclear position are often highly regulated and play important developmental and cellular roles. Despite the ubiquity of nuclear migration, relatively little is known about the genetics and cell biology of this process in higher eukaryotes. The long-term objective of this research is to determine the mechanisms underlying nuclear migration and to understand its regulation during development, using Drosophila as a model system. Nuclear migration involves an evolutionarily conserved pathway that acts through the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein. The Drosophila nudC (DnudC) and Drosophila Lisl (DLisl) genes have important regulatory roles in this process and dynein is essential for movement and anchoring of the oocyte nucleus. We propose to study the mechanism by which dynein function is regulated by genes in the nuclear migration pathway using molecular and biochemical approaches. These studies will provide significant insights into how nuclear migration is regulated in a higher eukaryote and help in understanding how the activity and specificity of dynein, a key microtubule dependent motor can be modulated. Mutations in human LIS1 result in failure of neuronal migration during embryogenesis causing severe mental retardation and premature death. In addition, missense mutations in dynein motor components cause human motor neuron disease and progressive motor neuron degeneration, underscoring the clinical relevance of determining how these ubiquitous motor complexes are regulated. The three specific aims of this proposal are: 1. To investigate the role of DLisl in regulating dynein motor activity: We will examine how DLisl affects dynein function using molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches as well as a sensitive assay that directly measures motor activity in vivo. 2. To determine the biological function of DnudC: We will investigate the role of DnudC, a potential regulator of DLisl and carry out a phenotypic analysis of mutants we have isolated in DnudC. 3. To understand the mechanistic basis of DnudC function: Genetic and structure/function analysis will be used to examine regulatory interactions between DLisl/DnudC and the mechanistic basis of DnudC action.