Siblings and Deviancy: Social & Genetic Influences

兄弟姐妹与异常行为：社会

• 批准号: 7371052
• 负责人: CHERYL L SLOMKOWSKI
• 金额: $ 18.25万
• 依托单位: BUTLER HOSPITAL (PROVIDENCE, RI)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-16 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7371052
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Boxing; Code; Communities; Data; Development; Disease regression; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Family; Family Process; Family Relationship; Funding; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Research; Genetic Techniques; Goals; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Logistic Regressions; Maintenance; Manuals; Mental Depression; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Monozygotic Twinning; Monozygotic twins; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Prevention intervention; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Siblings; Smoking; Social Development; Social Environment; Social Interaction; Social Reinforcement; Socialization; Specificity; Testing; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; Videotape; anti social; base; behavior influence; depressive symptoms; design; deviant; follow-up; gene environment interaction; interest; intervention program; model design; peer; programs; reinforced behavior; sibling influence; size; social; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to take advantage of a unique sample of siblings (participants in the Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development project or NEAD) ideally suited to address critical issues on how sibling interaction provides an interpersonal context for the expression of deviant behavior in adolescence and adulthood. Although behavioral genetic studies have consistently shown that the shared environment has profound effects on the development of deviancy, there have been few attempts to isolate specific social processes underlying this association. Conversely, social process research has typically not evaluated family interaction from the perspective of genetic relatedness. By applying a comprehensive coding system to already collected videotaped sibling interactions in a genetically informative sample of adolescents, we propose to better characterize specific social reinforcement patterns in adolescence that serve to encourage deviant behavior, and also to determine how social influences may moderate the expression of genetic tendencies. Our specific focus is on sibling interaction, which appears to be a key shared environmental factor in adolescence. We will pursue these overall objectives through the execution of tour specific aims: (1) To utilize the genetically-informative design of the NEAD to determine the effect size of environmental and genetic contributions to social processes between siblings that are specific to reinforcement for deviancy in adolescence; (2) To employ multivariate biometrical models to determine if these specific social processes between siblings explain in part the latent social and genetic influences on deviancy typically inferred in behavioral genetic research; (3) To explore alternative models (both conceptual and computational) for associations between social influences on deviancy and genetic relatedness, including moderation models as well as tests for violations of the Equal Environments Assumption of the twin design; and (4) To test the specificity of the sibling effect model by extending prediction to other outcomes, particularly smoking, and depressive symptoms. The execution of these four specific aims will fill important gaps in our knowledge concerning social effects on deviancy, sibling influence on social development, and, perhaps most importantly, the interplay between genetic factors and interpersonal context in adolescent and adult social development. Such knowledge may be used to modify prevention and intervention programs that typically ignore the potent effects that siblings may have on the development and maintenance of deviant behavior in adolescence and into adulthood.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案旨在利用独特的兄弟姐妹样本（青少年发展非共享环境项目或 NEAD 的参与者），非常适合解决兄弟姐妹互动如何为青春期和成年期异常行为的表达提供人际背景的关键问题。尽管行为遗传学研究一致表明，共享环境对异常行为的发展具有深远影响，但很少有人尝试分离出这种关联背后的特定社会过程。相反，社会过程研究通常不会从遗传相关性的角度评估家庭互动。通过将综合编码系统应用于已经收集到的青少年遗传信息样本中的兄弟姐妹互动录像，我们建议更好地描述青春期特定的社会强化模式，这些模式有助于鼓励异常行为，并确定社会影响如何调节遗传倾向的表达。 我们特别关注兄弟姐妹的互动，这似乎是青春期的一个关键的共同环境因素。我们将通过执行旅行特定目标来实现这些总体目标：（1）利用 NEAD 的遗传信息设计来确定环境和遗传对兄弟姐妹之间社会过程的影响大小，这些社会过程专门针对青春期异常行为的强化； (2) 采用多元生物识别模型来确定兄弟姐妹之间的这些特定社会过程是否部分解释了行为遗传学研究中通常推断出的对异常行为的潜在社会和遗传影响； (3) 探索社会对偏差和遗传相关性影响之间关联的替代模型（概念和计算），包括调节模型以及违反双胞胎设计的平等环境假设的测试； (4) 通过将预测扩展到其他结果，特别是吸烟和抑郁症状，来测试兄弟姐妹效应模型的特异性。这四个具体目标的执行将填补我们在关于偏差的社会影响、兄弟姐妹对社会发展的影响，以及也许最重要的是，青少年和成人社会发展中遗传因素与人际背景之间的相互作用方面的知识空白。这些知识可用于修改预防和干预计划，这些计划通常忽略兄弟姐妹可能对青春期和成年期异常行为的发展和维持产生的潜在影响。