Executive Functions and Self-Regulation: A Twin Study

执行功能和自我调节：双胞胎研究

• 批准号: 7370848
• 负责人: JOHN K. HEWITT
• 金额: $ 41.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-06-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7370848
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Affect; Age; Anger; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Charge; Cognition; Cognitive; Colorado; Data; Depressed mood; Dimensions; Drug usage; Emotional; Episodic memory; Equation; Etiology; Factor Analysis; Failure; Genetic; Goals; Grant; Health; Human; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Modeling; Needles; Numbers; Obesity; Participant; Problem behavior; Process; Public Health; Purpose; Range; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Resistance; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Source; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Thinking; Twin Multiple Birth; Twin Studies; Update; cost; executive function; falls; frontal lobe; infancy; mental set; prospective memory; psychologic; response; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this competitive renewal, we propose to extend our twin study of individual differences in executive functions (EFs) by conducting the following: (1) the first assessment of genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change in EFs during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood; (2) the first study of the relations among self-regulation abilities in three domains, as well as the genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in these self-regulation abilities in early adulthood; and (3) the first behavioral genetic study of the relationship between EFs and self-regulation in early adulthood. By retesting participants on the tasks used to construct latent variable measures of the three EFs currently assessed (Inhibiting, Updating, and Shifting), we will be able to test the hypothesis that stable trait variance in EFs is genetically determined, while changes (e.g., declines) are environmentally influenced, for example by drug use. We will also use data from a theoretically motivated battery of self-regulation measures to conduct the first study of the relations among self-regulation abilities in three domains cognitive, emotional, and behavioral as well as the genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in these self- regulation abilities in early adulthood. Finally, we will use the measures of the three EFs, as well as data on two additional EFs (Resisting Proactive Interference and Dual-Tasking) to examine the relations of these EFs to the three domains of self regulation. To achieve these aims, we will re-assess the three EFs in a target sample of 814 individual twins from 214 monozygotic and 193 dizygotic pairs who have participated in the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study (LTS) since infancy. In the first grant period, we have now tested 698 individual twins ages 16.5-19 years, 48 more than our original goal of 650, and during the no-cost-extension we will attempt to test an additional 116 twins. With our attrition assumptions, we anticipate a final sample of 365 pairs tested at both Wave 1 and Wave 2 (age 21 to 23 years). We will use phenotypic factor analyses and multivariate genetic and environmental structural equation modeling to address the three specific aims. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This is a twin study of the etiologies of stability and change in cognitive executive functions during adolescence and early adulthood, together with individual differences in the ability to regulate one's own behavior. These differences may contribute to mental health generally and to health (e.g. obesity), psychological (e.g. depression), and behavioral (e.g. substance abuse) problems.

描述（申请人提供）：在这次竞争性更新中，我们建议通过以下方式扩展我们对执行功能（EF）个体差异的双胞胎研究：（1）首次评估遗传和环境对从青春期到青年期过渡期间EF稳定性和变化的贡献;（2）首次研究了三个领域的自我调节能力之间的关系，以及这些自我调节能力在成年早期个体差异的遗传和环境原因;（3）第一个关于EFs与成年早期自我调节关系的行为遗传学研究。通过重新测试参与者对用于构建当前评估的三个EF（抑制，更新和转移）的潜变量测量的任务，我们将能够测试EF中稳定性状方差由遗传决定的假设，而变化（例如，下降）受到环境的影响，例如受药物使用的影响。我们也将使用来自一系列自我调节测量的理论数据，对三个领域的自我调节能力之间的关系进行首次研究 认知、情感和行为 以及成年早期这些自我调节能力的个体差异的遗传和环境病因。最后，我们将使用三个EF的措施，以及两个额外的EF（抵制主动干扰和双重任务）的数据，以检查这些EF的关系，自我调节的三个领域。为了实现这些目标，我们将重新评估的三个EF的814个单独的双胞胎从214个单卵和193个双卵对谁参加了科罗拉多纵向双胞胎研究（LTS），从婴儿期开始的目标样本。在第一个资助期内，我们已经测试了698对年龄在16.5-19岁之间的双胞胎，比我们最初的目标650多48对，在无成本延长期间，我们将尝试测试另外116对双胞胎。根据我们的损耗假设，我们预计最终样本为365对，在第一波和第二波（年龄21至23岁）进行测试。我们将使用表型因子分析和多变量遗传和环境结构方程模型来解决这三个具体目标。 公共卫生相关性：这是一项双胞胎研究，研究青少年和成年早期认知执行功能的稳定性和变化的病因，以及调节自身行为能力的个体差异。这些差异可能会导致一般的心理健康和健康（如肥胖），心理（如抑郁症）和行为（如药物滥用）问题。