Effects of high versus low sugar meals in African American and Hispanic youth

高糖与低糖膳食对非裔美国人和西班牙裔青年的影响

• 批准号: 7294537
• 负责人: Donna Spruitz-Metz
• 金额: $ 29.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7294537
• 关键词: Acute; Adolescent; Affect; African American; Behavior; Behavioral; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Complex; Consumption; Crossover Design; Desire for food; Diet; Dietary intake; Eating; Elevation; Ethnic Origin; Fasting; Feeling; Fiber; Food; Glucose; Goals; Hispanics; Hormonal; Hormones; Hour; Hunger; Hyperphagia; Instruction; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intake; Laboratories; Lead; Leptin; Link; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Methods; Minority; Moods; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrient; Nutritional; Obesity; Obesity associated disease; Overweight; Participant; Peptides; Physical activity; Plasma; Population; Puberty; Public Health; Reaction; Research Design; Risk Factors; System; Time; Visit; Week; Weight; Work; Youth; design; ethnic difference; fitness; ghrelin; hormone regulation; improved; negative mood; obesity risk; psychosocial; response; sedentary; sugar

Objectives: The overall objective of Project 1 is to examine the metabolic and behavioral links between dietary intake and its subsequent effects on circulating appetite regulating hormones and physical activity levels in Hispanic and African American adolescents. Our major unifying hypothesis is that diets comprised of high sugar, energy dense, low fiber meals, are associated with a post-prandial metabolic, hormonal and psychosocial profile that promotes overeating and sedentary behavior. Specific Aims: (1) Compare the effects of a HIGH SUGAR, LOW FIBER (HSLF) meal versus a LOW SUGAR, HIGH FIBER (LSHF) meal on insulin dynamics, selected gut peptides, mood and levels of physical activity in minority adolescents, (2) Explore the effects of HSLF versus LSHF meals on post-prandial ad libitum food intake, (3) Explore differences in reaction to HSLF versus LSHF meals in lean and overweight adolescents and (4) Examine ethnic differences in meal responses between Hispanic and African American children. Research Design and Methods: We will employ a cross-over design with a 3-4 week washout period where normal weight and overweight African American and Hispanic youth come to our Observation Lab in a fasting state and consume high sugar and low sugar meals at separate visits in random order. Meal consumption will be followed by five hours of intensive observation in which we quantify real-time physical activity in laboratory setting that was designed to offer equally attractive choices for active or sedentary behaviors. After 5 hours, participants will be offered food platters with an array of food types and be invited to eat ad libitum. Subsequent energy and nutrient intake will be quantified. Rationale: This study is prompted by three observations: (1) The disproportionate levels of obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Hispanic and African American children; (2) The rapid decline in physical activity during puberty especially in Hispanic and African American adolescents, and (3) Children, and particularly minority children, tend to have diets high in added sugars and low in fiber. Thus, it is imperative to improve our understanding of the interrelationships between dietary intake, physical activity and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in minority youth, particularly during puberty, when physical activity levels significantly decline. Relevance to public health: This study will provide new information on the acute effects of meal composition on mood and subsequent choices of physical activity in normal weight, healthy overweight and insulin resistant overweight Hispanic and African American youth. Furthermore, we suggest that our findings may potentially lead to a better understanding the acute affects of poor nutritional choices on physical activity in minority adolescent populations at high risk for obesity, diabetes type 2, and other obesity-related diseases.

目标：项目1的总体目标是研究代谢和行为之间的联系， 饮食摄入及其对循环食欲调节激素和体力活动的后续影响 西班牙裔和非洲裔美国青少年的水平。我们主要的统一假设是饮食包括 高糖、高能量、低纤维的膳食，与餐后代谢、激素和 促进暴饮暴食和久坐行为的心理社会特征。具体目标：（1）比较 高糖、低纤维（HSLF）餐与低糖、高纤维（LSHF）餐对 胰岛素动力学，选定的肠道肽，情绪和少数民族青少年的体力活动水平，（2） 探索HSLF与LSHF餐对餐后随意进食的影响，（3）探索 瘦和超重青少年对HSLF与LSHF膳食反应的差异，以及（4）检查 西班牙裔和非洲裔美国儿童对食物反应的种族差异。研究设计 方法：我们将采用交叉设计，有3-4周的洗脱期，正常体重 超重的非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔青年在禁食状态下来到我们的观察实验室， 在不同的访视中随机食用高糖和低糖餐。膳食消费将是 随后是五个小时的密集观察，我们在实验室中量化实时身体活动， 设计为活动或久坐行为提供同样有吸引力的选择。5小时后， 将向参与者提供一系列食物类型的食物盘，并邀请他们随意进食。 随后的能量和营养摄入将被量化。理由：这项研究是由三个 观察结果：（1）肥胖与2型糖尿病和心血管疾病风险的不成比例水平 西班牙裔和非洲裔美国儿童的疾病;（2）青春期身体活动迅速减少 尤其是在西班牙裔和非洲裔美国青少年中，以及（3）儿童，尤其是少数民族儿童， 他们的饮食中添加的糖分高，纤维少。因此，我们必须提高认识， 饮食摄入、体力活动和2型糖尿病风险因素之间的相互关系， 心血管疾病在少数民族青年，特别是在青春期，当体力活动水平 大幅下降。与公共卫生的相关性：这项研究将提供有关急性 膳食组成对正常体重、健康和肥胖人群的情绪和随后的体力活动选择的影响 超重和胰岛素抵抗超重西班牙裔和非洲裔美国青年。此外，我们建议 我们的研究结果可能有助于更好地理解不良营养选择的严重影响 在肥胖、2型糖尿病和其他高风险的少数青少年人群中进行体育活动， 肥胖相关疾病。