Effects of high versus low sugar meals in African American and Hispanic youth

高糖与低糖膳食对非裔美国人和西班牙裔青年的影响

• 批准号: 8291921
• 负责人: Donna Spruitz-Metz
• 金额: $ 76.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8291921
• 关键词: Acute; Adolescent; Affect; African American; Behavior; Behavioral; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Complex; Consumption; Crossover Design; Desire for food; Diet; Dietary intake; Eating; Ethnic Origin; Fasting; Feeling; Fiber; Food; Generations; Glucose; Goals; Hispanic Americans; Hispanics; Hormonal; Hormones; Hour; Hunger; Hyperphagia; Instruction; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intake; Laboratories; Lead; Leptin; Link; Los Angeles; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Minority; Moods; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrient; Nutritional; Obesity; Obesity associated disease; Overweight; Participant; Peptides; Physical activity; Plasma; Population; Puberty; Public Health; Reaction; Research Design; Research Methodology; Risk; Risk Factors; System; Time; Visit; Weight; Work; Youth; blood glucose regulation; design; ethnic difference; fitness; ghrelin; high risk; hormone regulation; improved; negative mood; obesity risk; psychosocial; response; sedentary; sugar

Objectives: The overall objective of Project 1 is to examine the metabolic and behavioral links between dietary intake and its subsequent effects on circulating appetite regulating hormones and physical activity levels in Hispanic and African American adolescents. Our major unifying hypothesis is that diets comprised of high sugar, energy dense, low fiber meals, are associated with a post-prandial metabolic, hormonal and psychosocial profile that promotes overeating and sedentary behavior. Specific Aims: (1) Compare the effects of a HIGH SUGAR, LOW FIBER (HSLF) meal versus a LOW SUGAR, HIGH FIBER (LSHF) meal on insulin dynamics, selected gut peptides, mood and levels of physical activity in minority adolescents, (2) Explore the effects of HSLF versus LSHF meals on post-prandial ad libitum food intake, (3) Explore differences in reaction to HSLF versus LSHF meals in lean and overweight adolescents and (4) Examine ethnic differences in meal responses between Hispanic and African American children. Research Design and Methods: We will employ a cross-over design with a 3-4 week washout period where normal weight and overweight African American and Hispanic youth come to our Observation Lab in a fasting state and consume high sugar and low sugar meals at separate visits in random order. Meal consumption will be followed by five hours of intensive observation in which we quantify real-time physical activity in laboratory setting that was designed to offer equally attractive choices for active or sedentary behaviors. After 5 hours, participants will be offered food platters with an array of food types and be invited to eat ad libitum. Subsequent energy and nutrient intake will be quantified. Rationale: This study is prompted by three observations: (1) The disproportionate levels of obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Hispanic and African American children; (2) The rapid decline in physical activity during puberty especially in Hispanic and African American adolescents, and (3) Children, and particularly minority children, tend to have diets high in added sugars and low in fiber. Thus, it is imperative to improve our understanding of the interrelationships between dietary intake, physical activity and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in minority youth, particularly during puberty, when physical activity levels significantly decline. Relevance to public health: This study will provide new information on the acute effects of meal composition on mood and subsequent choices of physical activity in normal weight, healthy overweight and insulin resistant overweight Hispanic and African American youth. Furthermore, we suggest that our findings may potentially lead to a better understanding the acute affects of poor nutritional choices on physical activity in minority adolescent populations at high risk for obesity, diabetes type 2, and other obesity-related diseases.

目标：项目 1 的总体目标是检查代谢和行为之间的联系 饮食摄入及其对循环食欲调节激素和体力活动的影响 西班牙裔和非裔美国青少年的水平。我们主要的统一假设是饮食包括 高糖、高能量、低纤维膳食与餐后代谢、荷尔蒙和 促进暴饮暴食和久坐行为的社会心理特征。具体目标： (1) 比较 高糖、低纤维 (HSLF) 膳食与低糖、高纤维 (LSHF) 膳食对 少数民族青少年的胰岛素动态、选定的肠道肽、情绪和体力活动水平，(2) 探索 HSLF 与 LSHF 膳食对餐后随意食物摄入的影响，(3) 探索 瘦青少年和超重青少年对 HSLF 与 LSHF 膳食的反应差异；(4) 检查 西班牙裔和非裔美国儿童的膳食反应存在种族差异。研究设计 和方法：我们将采用交叉设计，并有 3-4 周的洗脱期，其中正常体重 超重的非裔美国人和西班牙裔青年在禁食状态下来到我们的观察实验室， 以随机顺序分别食用高糖和低糖膳食。膳食消耗将 接下来是五个小时的密集观察，我们在实验室中量化实时身体活动 旨在为活跃或久坐行为提供同样有吸引力的选择的环境。 5个小时后， 参与者将获得包含多种食物类型的食物拼盘，并被邀请随意食用。 随后的能量和营养摄入量将被量化。理由：这项研究是由三个因素推动的 观察结果：(1) 肥胖水平与 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病风险不成比例 西班牙裔和非裔美国儿童的疾病； (2)青春期体力活动迅速下降 特别是西班牙裔和非裔美国青少年，以及 (3) 儿童，特别是少数民族儿童， 饮食中添加糖含量高，纤维含量低。因此，提高我们的认识势在必行 饮食摄入量、体力活动和 2 型糖尿病危险因素之间的相互关系 少数族裔青少年的心血管疾病，特别是在青春期，体力活动水平较低时 显着下降。与公共卫生的相关性：这项研究将提供有关急性传染病的新信息 膳食成分对正常体重、健康人群情绪和后续身体活动选择的影响 超重和胰岛素抵抗 超重的西班牙裔和非裔美国青年。此外，我们建议 我们的研究结果可能有助于更好地理解不良营养选择的严重影响 关于肥胖、2 型糖尿病和其他疾病高风险的少数青少年群体的体力活动 肥胖相关疾病。