ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON INTAKE IN PRE-SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 摘要 儿童超重的流行凸显了确定环境因素的必要性。市场对过量和不断增长的比例大小的趋势加剧了人们的担忧，即大部分比例可能通过促进过量摄入而直接导致这一问题。关于分量大小对儿童进食影响的实证调查有限。两项研究已经证明了大份食物可以刺激进餐时的能量摄入。然而，这种影响的范围和性质仍不清楚。这项拟议的研究涉及一系列四个分量的实验，将在学龄前儿童中进行。前三个实验将通过确定：份量大小对儿童食用含糖饮料的影响，份量大小对儿童水果和蔬菜(FV)摄入量的影响，以及份量大小和能量密度对儿童能量消耗的综合影响来评估份量影响的范围。为了解决这个问题，第四个实验将评估食物份量和盘子大小对进食持续时间、咀嚼大小和咀嚼频率的影响。这一基本行为调查的结果可用于设计长期研究比例对儿童能量消耗和体重的影响。此外，这些基本研究成果还可以用来开发旨在改变幼儿环境潜在的顺从方面的干预措施。 假设 1.在用餐或零食中供应大量含糖饮料会导致5至6岁儿童的含糖饮料消费量比参考条件下的摄入量增加。 2.与参考条件相比，在膳食中提供大量的FV会导致5至6岁儿童的FV消耗量增加。 3.相对于参考条件，高能量密度与较大的摄入量相加地增加了5-6岁儿童的能量摄入量。 4.与参考条件相比，食用大份食物预计会使5至6岁儿童的平均咀嚼大小增加。 5.如果用较小的盘子端上一份食物，孩子们会认为该份量较大，因此会比用较大的盘子端上同一份食物时吃得少。 具体目标 将进行四项实验，以实现以下5个具体目标： 1.确定大量含糖饮料对幼儿摄入量的影响(实验1) 2.确定大量FV对幼儿摄入这些食物的影响(实验2) 3.评估大份量和高能量食物对幼儿能量摄入的综合影响(实验3) 4.确定份量大小对进食持续时间、进食率、咀嚼大小和进食频率的影响(实验4) 5.确定盘子大小对幼儿对食物大小和摄入量的感知的影响(实验4)

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. ABSTRACT The epidemic of overweight among children underscores the need to identify contributing environmental factors. marketplace trends for excessive and growing protion sizes have reinforced concerns that large portions may directly contribute to this problem by promoting excessive intake. Empirical investigation of portion size effects on children's eating are limited. Two studies have demonstrated effects of large portions to stimulate energy intake at meals. The scope and nature of such effects, however, remains unclear. The proposed research involves a series of four portion size experiments to be conducted with pre-school aged children. The first three experiments will evaluate the scope of portion size effects by determining: the effect of portion size on children's consumption of sweetened beverages, the effect of portion size on children's fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, and the combined effects of portion size and energy density on children's energy consumption. In an effort to address mechanism, the fourth experiment will evauate the effects of portion size and plate size on eating duration, bite size, and bite frequency. The results of this basic behavioral investigation may be used to infrom the design of long-term studies on the effects of protion size on children's energy consumption and weight. Further, these basic research findings may also be used to develop interventions aimed at modifying potentially obesigenic aspects of young children's environments. HYPOTHESIS 1. Serving large portions of sweetened beverages at meals or snacks will result in increases in sweetened beverage consumption among 5 to 6 yeasr-old children relative to intake in a reference condition. 2. Serving large portions of FV at meals will result in increases in FV consumption among 5 to 6 year-old children, relative to reference conditions. 3. High energy density will act additively with large portion size to increase energy intake among 5 to 6 year-old children, relative to reference conditions. 4. Serving large portions are expected to produce increases in average bite size among 5 to 6 year-old children, relative to a reference condition. 5. Children will perceive a given portion as being larger when served on a smaller plate and will eat less than when the same portion is served on a larger plate. SPECIFIC AIMS Four experiments will be conducted to address 5 specific aims as follows: 1. To determine the effects of large portions of sweetened beverages on young children's intake (Experiment 1) 2. To determine the effects of large portions of FVs on young children's intake of those foods (Experiment 2) 3. To evaluate the combined effects of large portions and energy dense foods on young children's energy intake (Experiment 3) 4. To identify portion size effects on eating duration, eating rate, bite size, and bit frequency (Experiement 4) 5. To determine the effects of plate size on young children's perception of portion size and intake (Experiement 4)