ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON INTAKE IN PRE-SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 摘要 儿童超重现象的流行凸显了确定影响环境因素的必要性。 市场上过量和不断增长的份量趋势加剧了人们的担忧，即大量份量可能会通过促进过量摄入而直接导致这一问题。 关于份量大小对儿童饮食影响的实证研究是有限的。 两项研究证明，大份量的食物可以刺激膳食中的能量摄入。 然而，这种影响的范围和性质仍不清楚。 拟议的研究涉及一系列针对学龄前儿童进行的四份份量实验。 前三个实验将通过确定以下内容来评估份量影响的范围：份量大小对儿童甜味饮料消耗的影响、份量大小对儿童水果和蔬菜 (FV) 摄入量的影响以及份量大小和能量密度对儿童能量消耗的综合影响。 为了解决这一机制，第四个实验将评估份量大小和盘子大小对进食持续时间、一口大小和一口频率的影响。 这项基本行为调查的结果可用于设计关于食物份量对儿童能量消耗和体重影响的长期研究。 此外，这些基础研究结果还可用于制定干预措施，旨在改变幼儿环境中潜在的肥胖因素。 假设 1. 与参考条件下的摄入量相比，在正餐或零食时提供大量甜味饮料将导致 5 至 6 岁儿童的甜味饮料消费量增加。 2. 相对于参考条件，膳食中提供大量 FV 将导致 5 至 6 岁儿童的 FV 摄入量增加。 3. 相对于参考条件，高能量密度与大份量相加可以增加 5 至 6 岁儿童的能量摄入。 4. 相对于参考条件，大份量预计会增加 5 至 6 岁儿童的平均一口量。 5. 当给定的一份食物装在较小的盘子里时，孩子们会觉得自己的份量更大，并且会比同样的份量装在较大的盘子里时吃得更少。 具体目标 将进行四项实验来解决以下 5 个具体目标： 1. 确定大量含糖饮料对幼儿摄入量的影响（实验1） 2. 确定大部分 FV 对幼儿摄入这些食物的影响（实验 2） 3. 评估大份量和高能量食物对幼儿能量摄入的综合影响（实验3） 4. 确定份量对进食持续时间、进食速率、一口大小和比特频率的影响（实验 4） 5. 确定盘子大小对幼儿对份量大小和摄入量的感知的影响（实验4）

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. ABSTRACT The epidemic of overweight among children underscores the need to identify contributing environmental factors. marketplace trends for excessive and growing protion sizes have reinforced concerns that large portions may directly contribute to this problem by promoting excessive intake. Empirical investigation of portion size effects on children's eating are limited. Two studies have demonstrated effects of large portions to stimulate energy intake at meals. The scope and nature of such effects, however, remains unclear. The proposed research involves a series of four portion size experiments to be conducted with pre-school aged children. The first three experiments will evaluate the scope of portion size effects by determining: the effect of portion size on children's consumption of sweetened beverages, the effect of portion size on children's fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, and the combined effects of portion size and energy density on children's energy consumption. In an effort to address mechanism, the fourth experiment will evauate the effects of portion size and plate size on eating duration, bite size, and bite frequency. The results of this basic behavioral investigation may be used to infrom the design of long-term studies on the effects of protion size on children's energy consumption and weight. Further, these basic research findings may also be used to develop interventions aimed at modifying potentially obesigenic aspects of young children's environments. HYPOTHESIS 1. Serving large portions of sweetened beverages at meals or snacks will result in increases in sweetened beverage consumption among 5 to 6 yeasr-old children relative to intake in a reference condition. 2. Serving large portions of FV at meals will result in increases in FV consumption among 5 to 6 year-old children, relative to reference conditions. 3. High energy density will act additively with large portion size to increase energy intake among 5 to 6 year-old children, relative to reference conditions. 4. Serving large portions are expected to produce increases in average bite size among 5 to 6 year-old children, relative to a reference condition. 5. Children will perceive a given portion as being larger when served on a smaller plate and will eat less than when the same portion is served on a larger plate. SPECIFIC AIMS Four experiments will be conducted to address 5 specific aims as follows: 1. To determine the effects of large portions of sweetened beverages on young children's intake (Experiment 1) 2. To determine the effects of large portions of FVs on young children's intake of those foods (Experiment 2) 3. To evaluate the combined effects of large portions and energy dense foods on young children's energy intake (Experiment 3) 4. To identify portion size effects on eating duration, eating rate, bite size, and bit frequency (Experiement 4) 5. To determine the effects of plate size on young children's perception of portion size and intake (Experiement 4)